Rules for establishing radio communications. When working in conditions of strong interference, with poor audibility using microphone call signs

To the 40th anniversary of DMB-71

"Two soldiers from the construction battalion
replacing an excavator
two air force soldiers
replace the "C" type tractor?
This is in Chita.
No, it's better:
Sidi - in Borza,
Listen - Morse!
Our material part of the platoon of radiotelegraph operators of the communication and radio technical support center (US and RTO), its nomenclature, ensured our work: in receiving by ear and transmitting telegraph signals in amplitude and frequency shift keying mode (the so-called “letter printing” for ZAS) in full volume and even with reservation, i.e. in abundance. In fact, the radios, R-820, R-816 and R-830, are dismantled between the receiving and transmitting centers. I show here only that part of the equipment that we used in our daily, round-the-clock work. At the same time, I do not take into account the cable part of it, nor do I show the power supplies.

Let me remind you that we are talking about the communications division, i.e. military unit 42943.
I came across a table for the radio operator on duty, TDR-86, on one of the websites. I couldn't find an earlier one. Still interesting. There was such a huge poster on whatman paper, written in black ink and poster pens, hanging above the radiotelegraph operator’s head. Nobody told us about this miracle at ShMAS; I first saw Borzi at the reception center.

It was used extremely rarely. I witnessed its use up to two times while on duty.

It was intended as an addition to conventional codes in the process of radio communication. The officers, when they entered the reception center, liked to pretend that they understood its importance in radio exchange and always commented and quoted it out loud. However, we knew so many codes (sha-codes, or Q-codes and z-codes or Z-codes) that there was no need for it. Moreover, it had a chipboard stamp and was changed at least once a year.

In my notes there is a page with several of the most popular tabular data from the TDR-70, which I kept on hand for convenience during my shift:

572 - extraordinary, use the code - ШТЦ ьь

631-urgent, use the code – ШТЦ ььь ьь

426-airplane, apply the code - SCHTC bj bb bb

987-transition to a spare frequency, code applicable - SHCHDV NO

789 - transition to the main frequency, code - ShchDV.

For these reasons, there was no point in memorizing the TDR; it was easier to remember the Bradis table, which has been unchanged since 1921... But at the same time, there was a risk of loss of efficiency if the correspondent decided to use it. Usually young operators were guilty of this, wanting to show their knowledge, which is what they were caught doing. The fact is that a digital three-digit signal is not linguistically linked to a letter code.

The transmitted text is already encrypted. Here I pay tribute to the senior call-up, the same Dagestanis who forced us to learn codes (at ShMAS we learned about a dozen of them, no more) every day and subjected us to testing. Those who were careless were given away. Our call preserved this tradition in relation to young people, but there were no more things. In principle, there is no other way. A radio operator who does not know several dozen codes has nothing to do on the network.

By the end of 1970, we had reached a high level of reception - transmission of 120-124 characters per minute - this is a level higher than a master, army, but there was no one to take tests (as our captain admitted), and by the end of the service who would do this. First grade tests were taken at the beginning of 1971. They actually examined themselves, but under the supervision of Mr. Chernyaev. We followed the procedures, and there was no doubt about the test results.

Our service consisted of transmitting and receiving requests for flights, which were a coded alphabetic set in groups of five characters. The text size reached up to a thousand groups. Sometimes they worked continuously for two or three days at a reception. The signal came from the main station (ShchVP), such as a circular one, because all other correspondents went into silence, or to a reception if anyone was called (ShchRZ). I didn’t have enough hands to receive one radiogram myself. We took turns and worked without smoking breaks.

Sometimes there was not enough work. At that time, the volume of radiograms received was about a page and a half per session. On such days, the service could seem like honey. But we are realists, that’s why it didn’t seem like it. And rightly so, because. the realities were indeed a little different.

If there is nothing to transmit, but to receive, you need to watch the alarm. The signal was a word and a couple of numbers. Usually this is the name of some small Siberian river, for example: Olekma21, or Slenga43 and so on. Upon receipt of the signal, the radio operator is obliged to report its receipt and indicate the exact time of reception to the unit on duty using a telephone set of the TAI-43 type, in a DSV housing.

It is attached under the main desktop on the right. This is an intercom phone. In touch with us are the ZAS (they called us when they had problems with the channel), the unit on duty, the transmitting center and the whole world. Through the switch you can access any connection if you know the call sign (“tan”, “flooring”...). Sometimes it was even possible to get through to some people at home. But this is a huge risk; few people could decide to take such a step. We did not know the purpose of the signals, but we guessed that sometimes they were transmitted to monitor our combat readiness and at any time of the day. The service took place in shifts, around the clock duty with a rotating schedule. No holidays or weekends.

R-250-M (“Kit”) 1.5 - 33.5 MHz (12 subbands). The best receiver I've ever worked with. I don’t include an image of it because it is very popular. Types of received signals CW, SSB, AM Frequency display optical scale with backlight. The standard attachment for the R-250M receiver to ensure direct printing is provided according to specifications of type R-371. Our receiver was equipped with a different attachment from this one, which was called “Harpoon”.

On the same table as “Kit” there was an ST-35 telegraph machine. But it was never used for its intended purpose. We conducted an experiment on it. Radiograms were received by ear by printing them onto tape. The reception speed was thus achieved practically unlimited. We found those frequencies on the air where, according to our estimates, it was much more than 120 signs/min. Information was received easily and simply, with a margin of speed. Because the letter was written with one click. However, it is difficult to correct errors during the intake process.

R-154 (“Molybdenum”) HF range 1-12 MHz. Anti-interference.

Auditory reception of telephone and telegraph signals, as well as recording of telegraph signals using conventional direct-printing telegraph devices (ST-35, BODO and others). Provided a channel for ZAS. The ZAS was located in the headquarters area.

In fact, we have been familiar with radio reception in conditions of high levels of interference since school. Our platoon commander regularly interfered with us. In this regard, we are shot sparrows.

R-310 (“Watch”). Short-wave (1.5-25.0 MHz) search for radio tracking and interception of radiotelegraph signals, radiotelephone signals with amplitude modulation

We are supposed to wear phones (headphones) while on duty, but we only put them on when the inspector appeared at the door. And so, we listened through the speakers (the picture shows a white box with a volume control - a device for a radio broadcast line). As a rule, the examiners were not specialists in listening reception, so they believed that without headphones, reception conditions would be difficult due to an increase in extraneous noise (SHRM). And the presence of other distracting factors (for example, SCRN). We were choking with laughter with this approach and it was written on our faces. We didn’t cheat, we didn’t try to hide our reaction or our opinion. But, because Nobody asked us, we were silent.

Our R-820M had the following antennas: at the transmitting center there was a horizontal dipole of 2x20 meters with the ability to switch to 2x10 meters with a suspension height of 12.5 meters; semi-telescopic whip antenna 10 meters high; receiving center - traveling wave antenna

R-820M shortwave (1.5-12 MHz) radio station for providing telephone, telegraph and direct-printing communications. Transmitter power in telegraph mode is not less than 1000 W, in telephone mode is not less than 350 W. The picture shows UA2FK, the head of the transmitting center, the chief specialist in setting up and repairing radio transmitters and receivers. He says that the R-816 transmitter and R-250-M receiver underwent repairs from the ZBV when it was ShchLM. We then spent a couple of months together at the transmitting station. After we left, there remained a schematic diagram of the R-816, my unfinished demobilization work. I was restoring an old diagram, six sheets of Whatman paper in format, which was no longer readable in the bluish color due to scuffs. We refined many connections and elements on hardware. Not bad, considering the lack of not only the simplest gauge, but also a normal ruler.

R-820M provides control of vibrations from a remote control panel, remote from the transmitter at a distance of up to 5 km from the receiving center. The “remote control” was a key or Sensor R-010, designed to control a radio transmitter instead of a telegraph key and output alphabetic and numeric characters (manipulation pulses) using Morse code when the corresponding keys were pressed. In short, a Morse code manipulator. In Borz!

The most good shift this is from two o'clock in the morning. At 8:00 they relieve you, bringing you a crust from the canteen. The crust is a piece of loaf 2-3 cm thick, on which there is morning butter and three or four pieces of refined sugar. By the way, this sugar was always available at the Cherkasy sugar refinery. The plant, of course. By the way, I often visited the store from Cherkassy Prima. But all these native inscriptions only once again reminded us of the penates, and for this reason they added melancholy to our already difficult days.

There was also a shift on duty at the transmitting station. They monitored the operation of the transmitter and tuned them on command from the receiver to the desired frequency. To control the tuning there was a universal aircraft receiver of the US-9 type (0.2-0.5 and 1.5-18 MHz). The frequency was changed twice a day. At night, in the morning, if I’m not mistaken, at 3 o’clock and after sunrise. I am sure that this was justified not so much by ensuring the secrecy regime, but by the conditions of radio wave propagation. The frequency range was approximately 9.0 MHz to 2.0 MHz.

For the slightest violation of the communication regime (SCZ) or just a hint of it, anyone was sent to the airfield in Chindant. The conditions there were considered more severe than ours. The boys had to be outside more. We are always warm. Just dashes around the territory: barracks - dining room - reception room, etc. Very rare assignments as orderlies to the headquarters or stokers to the firehouse. And when they became shift supervisors, they were no longer sent to the squads. But this is after a year of service. Matvey works at the reception center with R-010.

The reception center had a room adjacent to the classroom that served as a storage room. The captain held the keys to it. Some Dagestanis and Germans tried to get there before their vacation or demobilization. They came up with various moves, from repairing the roof, to checking the condition of the floors and windows, to lure the key away from Chernyaev, even for 15 minutes. And for the same reason, they were caught with junk by patrols in Chita. Because of greed.

I never happened to visit there; its riches are unknown to me. But I don’t think the rumors that it was the Klondike were exaggerated. At that time - untold riches for radio amateurs. The irrepressible desire of some, and especially those who understand what we are talking about, to get there, once again convinced of this. And the arrests in Chita were confirmed. Among this wealth, I remembered the presence of the R-311. This is a well-known receiver who is assigned the role of a backup. In this form, it is included in the kits of our stations and R-118 and R-820, etc. But I didn’t have to deal with it here, so we’ll omit this type of materiel.

Our radio station (1969-1971) kept in touch with the district headquarters. They are the main ones, ShchVP. There were more than a dozen subscribers in our network at the same time. There was such discord on the air!! Cacophony! If the young fighter didn’t catch his call sign in this rehash, he would get some money right there at his desk. And if you missed it, that is. ShchRZ ShchSA BUT, from the main station the signal is –SHH (change operator), and in our slang it meant - PNH, then he was taken away from working on the network and sent, for starters, to local auxiliary work with the label -DLB.

In short, the incentive to work well online, or as the Dagestanis said: “in sets,” was significant. But incentives alone are not enough. You need to have specific hearing. Some say that an ear for music is necessary for good radio operator work. However, this is not true. I judge by myself, of course. Some special hearing, yes, is needed. But musical? - is too strong a word. And I’m sure that a talented musician will definitely receive and transmit well.

Imagine how to blindly find your chicken in someone else's chicken coop by voice.

Among our colleagues on the frequency were guys from the Mongolian People's Republic. It would be interesting to meet at the forum http://www.zabvo.su/ with colleagues from the radio network of those years.

R-140. Single-band, one-kilowatt. The frequency range of the radio station is 1.5-30 MHz. (1.5-29.9999 MHz). We received it in August 1970. Our call to it was not authorized. They weren't even allowed to look inside. . We, almost demobilized, had no use for it anymore. Is it too late to fool the first department with the admission form? Maybe. Although it was a shame: the secret desire to at least look at this miracle did not leave me.

Two months before receiving it, they sent Private Doroshko to Chita for a course and at the same time issued him a permit. This station was considered very cool and secret. This machine was located at the transmitting station, in an unheated garage, just like the R-118BM. It's not even a garage, but a shed. There was also a diesel installation in a separate dugout.

We were replaced by a good team of the next call up, from our own ShMAS. These are: ZBC - Zybtsev Viktor, ShTC - Shtets Yuri and Matveev, Ryzhikh (on the transmitter). The code was assigned by me as a sign of special gratitude to the personal and professional qualities of the guys.

In 1976-1977, a stationary radio station R-140 was installed at the headquarters. But this story is no longer mine. And on at the moment Two questions remain unanswered:

1.Who assigned and transmitted to us the main and reserve frequencies?

2.Where were the radiograms we received transmitted and by whom?

There will be an opportunity, I will clarify.

In the meantime, ShchRZ ShchVP 73! GB SK

MANAGEMENT

BY RADIO

USSR ARMED FORCES

RADIO COMMUNICATION RULES

Enacted by directive

General Staff of the Armed Forces of the USSR

MILITARY PUBLISHING HOUSE

The Radio Communications Manual of the USSR Armed Forces, Part 2 defines:

rules for establishing and maintaining auditory, telegraphic (auditory and direct-printing) and telephone radio communications over open radio channels, as well as the procedure for preparing and transmitting radio channels to telephone and telegraph communication centers (terminal equipment rooms);

the procedure for maintaining basic documentation for operational and technical services at radio centers, radio bureaus (radio stations) and the procedure for issuing radiograms.

The provisions of the Manual are mandatory and must be strictly observed at all levels of management of the branches of the Armed Forces of the USSR.

Persons who violate the requirements of the Guidelines, if their actions do not entail criminal liability, are subject to disciplinary action.

Persons using service radio equipment to establish unauthorized radio communications, in accordance with Art. 206 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR and the corresponding articles of the criminal codes of other Soviet socialist republics may be held criminally liable.

GENERAL PROVISIONS.

1. Radio communication between military radio stations is carried out according to the same radio communication rules for all command levels of the USSR Armed Forces, which determine the procedure for establishing radio communications, transmitting radiograms and conducting radio negotiations, general requirements for the preparation of radiograms and maintaining records at communication centers and radio stations.

2. To ensure radio communications, radio stations must have radio data, drawn up on a special form and including frequencies, call signs, time of change of frequencies and call signs, type of communication, and, if necessary, azimuths to correspondents, keys to radio documents and radio passwords. The keys to the Radio Operator on Duty Table (TDR) for the current day are entered directly into the TDR.

Radio data is issued to the radio operator against receipt or recorded in the radio station’s hardware log. On portable radios, radio data is recorded on the front panel of the radio. Radio data is issued for one validity period, after which it is confiscated from the radio station and destroyed in accordance with the established procedure.

In some cases, for example, when a single radio station goes on a mission, radio data can be issued for the entire period that it is separated from its unit.

3. The operating mode of radio stations is determined by the headquarters organizing radio communications.

In standby reception mode, turning on the transmitter

kov and tuning into radio stations with radiation are prohibited.

If there are no restrictions on the use of radio communications, the duration of operation of radio stations for transmission should be minimal and regulated by the duty (watch) radio operator depending on the load, the state of radio communications and the instructions given to him.

On naval ships and multi-seat aircraft, transmission work is carried out only by order (permission) of the ship (aircraft) commander.

4. Establishing radio communications is the process of detecting, identifying radio stations and obtaining communications of a given type and quality by configuring and adjusting equipment, selecting frequencies and antennas.

5. Transmission of information via radio channels and negotiations are called radio exchange.

Service radio communications are carried out on issues of establishing radio communications, changing the type of work, changing frequencies, transmitting radiograms, adjusting equipment and other issues of ensuring communications.

Service radio traffic is carried out using established tables and using permitted code abbreviations ( radio codes).

In telegraphic auditory and direct-printing radio communications, code abbreviations are transmitted, and in telephone communication, code expressions are transmitted.

When conducting official negotiations, transmitting any information in clear text, except for code abbreviations and expressions from official radio codes, as well as conducting private negotiations between operators are strictly prohibited. Service radio traffic must be extremely brief and conducted in strict accordance with the requirements of this Manual.

6. Operational radio communication consists of transmitting (receiving) documentary messages, as well as direct telephone and telegraph conversations by subscribers over the radio, which, if necessary, can be documented and recorded in a hardware log.

Operational information transmitted via radio communication channels (auditory, telegraph and telephone),

is issued by the submitters in the form of radiograms (signals, commands) of the established form through the expedition of the communication center.

In some cases, documentary messages, issued as telegrams, can be transmitted via telephone radio channels.

In this Manual, documentary information transmitted via radio channels is referred to as radiograms.

7. Radiograms and signals are divided into outgoing, incoming and transit. Radiograms and signals submitted for transmission are called OUTGOING. Radiograms and signals received from correspondents are called INCOMING. Radiograms and signals received for subsequent transmission to other correspondents are called TRANSIT.

Radiograms transmitted through several intermediate stations along a predetermined route are called RELAYS. Control radiograms - RELAYS can be transmitted along a circular route.

8. Radiograms and signals can be transmitted in the following ways: receipt, receipt-free, reverse check.

The method of exchange, other than receipt, is determined by the sender and is indicated in abbreviation before the end of transfer sign.

The receipt method is used in all cases where there are no instructions on the use of other exchange methods. With the receipt method of radio exchange, the reception of radiograms is confirmed by a receipt.

With the receipt-free method, confirmation of the receipt of the radiogram is not transmitted or is transmitted via other communication channels in the manner established by the headquarters organizing the communication. The requirement to confirm the receipt of a radiogram can be communicated to the correspondent with the code phrase SHLN (“For radiogram No. ... give a receipt by wire”).

With the method reverse check confirmation of receipt of a radiogram is given by complete repetition of the radiogram.

The reverse check method is used when it is necessary to gain confidence in the error-free reception of the transmitted radiogram (signal).

combat control and warning signals;

Radiograms of various categories of urgency are transmitted in the following sequence:

“Monolith” - with an interruption in the transmission and reception of messages of all other categories of urgency;

“Air” - after radiograms of the “Monolith” categories with a break in the transmission and reception of radiograms of the “Rocket”, “Airplane” and “Ordinary” urgency categories;

“Rocket” - after radiograms of the “Monolith”, “Air” categories with a break in the transmission and reception of radiograms of the “Airplane” and “Ordinary” urgency categories;

“Airplane” - after radiograms of the categories “Monolith”, “Air”, “Rocket” with a break in the transmission and reception of ordinary radiograms.

When working on an open radio channel, the urgency category marked on the radiogram is encoded according to the Table of the duty radio operator or other established procedure.

When working using international call signs, the radiogram category is transmitted openly in an abbreviated form; “Monolith” (mnl), “Air” (vzd), “Rocket” (rkt), “Airplane” (sml), etc.

On the incoming radiogram, the decoded category of urgency is recorded in the corresponding column of the radiogram form.

Radiograms are drawn up on forms or separate sheets of paper and, depending on their category of urgency, have the following differences:

the form (sheet) for telegrams “Monolith” must have two stripes on the left edge, each 5 mm wide, and for telegrams of the urgency categories “Air”, “Rocket” and “Airplane” - one strip each 5 mm wide;

in the upper right corner there is a symbol (Fig. 1) with a diameter of 20 mm;

for telegrams “Monolith”, “Air” the stripe and the shaded part of the sign are made in red, for telegrams “Rocket” - green; for telegrams “Airplane” - in blue.

10. If there are no other instructions, then when signals and radiograms with the urgency category “Monolith” (“Air”) simultaneously arrive at the station, priority in the transmission order belongs to the signals.

11. Outgoing and transit radiograms, when accumulated, are selected for each direction of communication according to categories of urgency, and in categories according to the time of their arrival at the communication center (radio station).

Radiograms of the same category of urgency, which have special notes on the timing of transmission of encryption authorities, the operational duty officer or the duty officer at the communication center, are transmitted earlier than other radiograms of the same category of urgency, regardless of the order in which they were received at the radio station.

Radiograms of the same category of urgency without special marks are transmitted in the order of their arrival at the communication center (radio station).

12. Signals and radiograms received by a radio station must be transmitted without delay. To avoid delays in the transmission of signals and radiograms of the “Air” category, the expedition, the duty officer at the communications center

zi, the person on duty at the center or the sender warns the radio operator of the radio station to which the radiograms are to be received in advance about the upcoming arrival of such radiograms (signals). A delay in the transmission of signals and radiograms of the “Air” category is immediately reported to the radio communications officer on duty, who must take measures to speed up the transmission of signals (radiograms) and report to the sender.

To the radio operator on duty prohibited refuse to receive radiograms (signals). In conditions of radio interference and poor audibility, the radio operator must show all his skills in order to receive a radiogram (signal) in a timely manner and without errors.

13. Signals via pre-prepared radio communication channels can be transmitted (received) directly from the workstations of performers (operational duty officer).

14. In case of accumulation at a communication center (radio station) large number, radiograms for transmission, in the absence of communication or difficult radio exchange conditions, as well as when radio communication is operating in sessions, the sender is warned about the inevitable delay in the transmission of incoming radiograms.

15. If radio communication is carried out according to a schedule, the transit time of radiograms is calculated from the moment the next communication session begins.

To transmit and receive important combat documents, the most trained radio operators should be assigned to duty (watch), and in case of strong radio interference and poor audibility, reception should be duplicated whenever possible.

16. Telephone conversations via radio communication channels can be carried out directly from a mobile object, from remote devices of radio stations and from workplaces of subscribers of a communication center.

Telegraph conversations over radio communication channels are carried out by officers with the help of radiotelegraph operators (telegraph operators) directly from a moving object or from the telegraph equipment room of a communication center under dictation or from prepared written texts.

17. Reception of correspondence for transmission and admission of persons for negotiations via radio communication channels are carried out in accordance with the instructions of the headquarters, which

The communication center (radio station) is subordinate to Roma.

The admission of persons arriving for negotiations is carried out by the duty officer at the communication center (the duty officer at the radio center). When signals and categorical radiograms are received, non-urgent conversations over radio communication channels are interrupted and resumed after the transmission of these signals and radiograms.

18. Via open radio channels prohibited transmit information constituting military secrets, including the names and military ranks of officials, areas of deployment, open and conventional names of military units.

Personnel who have firmly grasped and strictly complied with the requirements of this Manual are allowed to work on radio communications.

Chapter 2

AND CONDUCTING EXCHANGE DURING WORK

THROUGH THE AUDITORY CHANNELS

General provisions

19. When establishing radio communications and conducting exchanges via auditory radio channels, transmission must be carried out clearly and rhythmically at a speed corresponding to the ability of each radio operator to ensure transmission without interruption and reception without requests. Increase transmission speed at the cost of reducing quality prohibited.

If it is necessary to change the transmission speed of the correspondent, the code abbreviations ShchRS (“Transmit more slowly”) or ShchRSch (“Transmit faster”) are used. When using one-way radio communication, working in a receipt-free manner, when transmitting radiograms without consent to receive, the transmission speed should not exceed 12-14 five-digit groups (words) per minute.

Password Request

34. Parody is used to determine the authenticity of radio stations broadcasting, and to timely suppress possible attempts by enemy radio stations to communicate with our radio stations for the purpose of radio sabotage (disorganization of work, transmission of false information, etc.).

Password is requested:

during the initial establishment of radio communication on new radio data;

before transmitting combat orders and instructions;

when entering the network of a radio station whose call signs are not listed in the radio data;

when the duty (watch) radio operator of a receiving radio station suspects that the radio station broadcasting is an outsider.

The order of parody is determined by the headquarters organizing radio communications.

Checking radio communications

35. Radio communications are checked in order to maintain them in constant readiness for radio traffic and to monitor the vigilance of duty (watch) radio operators.

Radio communications can be checked by calling and answering a call or by transmitting signals and radiograms. Checks can be two-way or one-way. Two-way checks by challenge and response should be performed in the following order:

EXAMPLES:

when working with individual call signs: call - KVMZ DE LDNP K, response - KVMZ K, confirmation - R K;

when working with linear call signs: call-LNPZ K, response-LNPZ K, confirmation-R K;

when working with individual line call signs:

call - 2DKP K, answer - K7NA K, confirmation R K.

With one-way checks, acceptance confirmations are transmitted through other means of communication.

The timing and procedure for checking radio communications are determined by order of the head organizing communications, in accordance with the established operating mode of the radio station for transmission.

Carry out radio communications checks at the initiative of duty (watch) radio operators prohibited.

Instructions to check radio communications are given by the duty officer at the radio center or another official, guided by the order of senior superiors on the radio communications mode.

Transmission of radiograms

36. Radiograms can be transmitted either with or without a preliminary offer and consent to receive them.

When transmitting radiograms with a preliminary offer, an offer to accept the radiogram is first transmitted, and then, after receiving consent to receive, the radiogram is transmitted.

If upon receipt of a radiogram for transmission, communication has not been established, then an offer to receive the radiogram must be made simultaneously with a call to establish radio communication, and consent to receive it must be made simultaneously with answering the call.

An offer to accept a radiogram is transmitted in the following order:

Examples of offers of radiograms and consent to receive:

when using individual call signs: call - LDNP DE TKPV ShTTS K, response - LDNP ShchRZh K;

when using linear call signs: call-LNPZ ShTCTs K, response-LNPZ ShchRZh K;

when using individual line call signs:

call-2DKP ShTTS K, answer-K7NA ShchRZh K.

37. If an offer to accept a radiogram made three times with an interval of 10-15 s is not received, then the radio operator on duty, at the direction of the duty officer at the radio center, can transmit the radiogram without consent to receive it, make a note about it in the hardware log and report on command. After radio communication is restored, a receipt is requested for the radiogram transmitted without consent.

EXAMPLE: 2DKP R 254?, where R 254? is a request for confirmation of receipt of the transmitted radiogram number 254.

Note: The examples given indicate the call signs of radio stations that, when good quality connections may not be transmitted.

38. If the called radio station has a category radiogram for transmission, then it makes a counter offer indicating the category of the available radiogram.

If radio stations working with each other have radiograms of the same urgency category, the exchange between them is carried out alternately, one or several radiograms in a row. In addition, the transmission order can be adjusted by the host radio station.

39. If it is necessary to transmit a radiogram to a radio station that is busy exchanging with another correspondent, the radio operator, after waiting for the end of the transmission (but not the end of the exchange), calls the desired radio station and offers it a radiogram indicating the corresponding category.

A radio operator who has received an offer to accept a radiogram of the highest category is obliged to give the correspondent with whom he had previously exchanged the code abbreviation AC, and the radio station calling him to give consent to receive it.

If the called radio station transmitted or received from another station a radiogram of the same category of urgency as the proposed radiogram, then it replies: OK AS (“Understood, wait”) - and, having completed the transmission or reception of the radiogram, agrees to receive it.

40. If the radio operator of the called radio station is not ready and cannot immediately give consent to receive, then instead of ShchRZH (“I’m ready”), AS (“Wait”) is given.

Example: 2DKP AC 3 - wait 3 minutes.

41. After receiving consent to receive, the radiogram is transmitted in the following sequence:

call sign of your radio station - 1 time;

radiogram number - 1 time;

number of text groups - 1 time;

date and time of submission of the radiogram - 1 time;

radiogram number - 1 time;

partition sign -1 time;

address (in the established order), if it is entered - 1 time;

partition sign -1 time;

radiogram text - 1 time;

end of transmission sign (K) - 1 time.

Example: 2DKP 121 40 8 1315 121 = ZNB ADDRESS = = TEXT K, where 121 is the number of the radiogram, 40 is the number of groups, 8 1315 is the date and time of submission of the radiogram.

The call signs of radio stations, radiogram number, number of groups, date and time make up the service header, and the category and address make up the address part. The service header and address part should be transmitted slower than the text.

When transmitting a radiogram between the service header and the address part, a section sign is transmitted between the address part and the text.

Above is the form of the full service header and address part of the radiogram. In some cases, an abbreviated service header may be used without indicating the radiogram number, number of groups, date and time of its transmission, and the address may be missing.

Example: 2DKP=TEXT K.

When transmitting multi-word radiograms, after every 40 groups, and in poor communication conditions, after every 20 groups of text, correct reception may be requested with a (?) sign. The receiving station confirms correct reception with the letter K.

The transmitting station transmits the HB signal - “Starting transmission”, the section sign and continues transmitting the text from the last transmitted group.

Example: request-... 28356? K, where 28356 is the last transmitted group of radiogram text; answer-K: continuation of text transmission-NV =28356 19176 ..."

If reception is not possible, the receiving radio station transmits the appropriate code phrases.

Each received part of the radiogram is immediately

sent to the recipient with a note indicating which part was accepted.

42. If it is necessary to receive from the correspondent a complete repetition of the radiogram (reverse check), then after the last group of text the signals RPT (“Repeat” or “I Repeat”), AL (“Everything that was just transmitted”) and the end of transmission sign (K) are transmitted. .

Example: ... 08196 RPT AL K, where 08196 is the last group of radiogram text.

During the reverse check, the radiogram is transmitted in its entirety by the radio station that received it. If a complete repetition of the radiogram must be received via wired communication channels, then RPT AL SCHLN is given before the end of transmission sign (K).

If it is necessary to receive a receipt for a transmitted radiogram via wired communication channels, then before the end of transmission sign (K) is given ШЛН.

After the transmission of radiograms-relays, before the end of transmission sign (K), a SCVO is given (“Send my radiogram No.... for... (call sign) through the radio station... (call sign)"). The number is affixed in accordance with the order of the chief organizing the transmission of radiogram relays.

43 . With one-way communication and operation in a receipt-free manner, the radiogram is transmitted twice with a break between transmissions of 10 s. Before each transmission, call signs are given: when using individual-line and linear call signs, the call sign of your station - 3 times, and when using individual call signs - the call sign of the called station - 3 times, your station - 2 times and the code abbreviation SHTC. At the end of the second transmission, instead of K, the end of transmission sign AP is transmitted.

An example of transmitting a radiogram when using individual linear call signs:

2DKP 2DKP 2DKP ShTC 121 32 8 1320 121 = 891 ADDRESS = TEXT = , pause 10 s

2DKP 2DKP 2DKP ShTC 121 32 8 1320 121 = 891 ADDRESS = TEXT AR.

44. When transmitting a radiogram by receipt method without a prior offer or failure to receive consent to receive, the transmission of the radiogram is carried out according to the procedure set out in Art. 43, but without repetition, and at the end of the transmission the sign K is given.

An example of transmitting a radiogram when using individual call signs: KVMZ KVMZ KVMZ DE LDNP LDNP SCHTC 121 32 8 1315 121 = 892 ADDRESS = TEXT K.

Radio station

59. Proposals to receive a radiogram to an intermediate radio station are transmitted in accordance with Art. 36, but instead of the code expression SCHTC (“I have... radiograms for you”) the code expression SCHDA is transmitted? (“Can you receive a radiogram for a radio station...?”) and the call sign of the destination radio station or another conventional name of the correspondent is indicated (Fig. 5).

Rice. 5. Transmission through an intermediate radio station LDNP - the call sign of the radio station offering the radiogram;

KVMZ, AIPR - call signs of the intermediate radio station;

TKPV - call sign of the station to which the radiogram is addressed.

EXAMPLE: KVMZ DE LDNP SHDA? TKPV K.

The intermediate radio station, having ascertained the possibility of transmitting the radiogram to its destination, agrees to receive it.

Example: LDNP ShchDA TKPV K, where ShchDA TKPV - “Transmit a radiogram for the TKPV radio station.”

60. When transmitting a radiogram, the address part contains the code abbreviations FM (“From”) and FOR (“For”) with the call signs of radio stations or other conventional names of the sender and recipient.

Example: LDNP 121 40 8 1315 121 = 891 FM LDNP FOR TKPV (ADDRESS) = TEXT K.

The intermediate radio station, having received a transit radiogram, is obliged to give a receipt in the manner established during the exchange.

Example: KVMZ R 121 K.

61 . When transmitting radiograms to an intermediate station without a preliminary proposal, at the beginning of the transmission the call signs of the called station 3 times and of your station 2 times are given (when using linear and individually linear call signs - the call sign of your station 3 times) and the code abbreviation SHTC, and the code abbreviation is entered in the address part abbreviations FM (“From”) and FOR (“For”) with the call signs of radio stations or the conventional names of the sender and recipient.

An example of transmission using individual call signs: KVMZ KVMZ KVMZ DE LDNP LDNP SCHTC 121 40 8 1315 121 = 891 FM LDNP FOR TKPV (ADDRESS) = TEXT K.

62. The intermediate station transmits a transit radiogram to the destination station in the manner established by Art. 36-44, replacing only the call signs of radio stations working with each other.

An example of transmitting a radiogram from an intermediate station to a final station after receiving consent from it to receive: AIPR 121 40 8 1315 121 = 891 FM LDNP FOR TKPV (ADDRESS) = TEXT K.

If necessary, an intermediate radio station can inform the radio station that proposed the radiogram about the time it was received by the destination radio station using the code abbreviation SHDC.

Example: KVMZ ShDC 121 K or KVMZ ShDC 121 1400 K, where 1400 is the time the intermediate radio station received a receipt from the destination station for the received radiogram.

If the destination station received a radiogram intended for it simultaneously with the intermediate station, it immediately transmits a receipt to the intermediate station.

station, without expecting it to offer or transmit a radiogram.

Signal transmission

64. Signals are transmitted without first calling the correspondent and obtaining consent to receive in the following order:

group of letters ьь - 2 times;

signal - 2 times.

After 10 seconds, the transmission is completely repeated and at the end the transmission end sign (K) is transmitted.

An example of transmitting one signal:

b b b b TKRS TKRS 3536 DUCAT 480 3536 DUCAT 480, pause 10 s

BL BL TKRS TKRS 3536 DUCAT 480 3536 DUCAT 480 K.

The procedure for transmitting several signals to one or more correspondents is the same as in the previous example.

An example of transmitting two signals “3536 DUKAT 2135” and “8114 KAZBEK 888” for two correspondents with linear (individual) call signs s3p7 and dn8k:

ьь ьь s3p7 s3p7 dn8k dn8k 3536 DUKAT 2135 3536 DUKAT 2135 8114 KAZBEK 888 8114 KAZBEK 888, pause 10 s

bь bь s3p7 s3p7 dn8k dn8k 3536 DUKAT 2135 3536 DUKAT 2135 8114 KAZBEK 888 8114 KAZBEK 888 K.

Acknowledgment of received signals is given immediately by repeating each signal once.

The order of signal transmission and confirmation of their reception can be specified special instructions and instructions.

To transmit signals when working over a telephone radio channel, it is necessary to transmit:

circular (linear) call sign - 2 times;

signal - 2 times.

After 10 s, the transmission is completely repeated and at the end the word of the end of transmission (reception) is transmitted.

OSA-31 OSA-31 3834 DUKAT 459 3834 DUKAT 459, pause 10 s

OSA-31 OSA-31 3834 DUKAT 459 3834 DUKAT 459 reception, where 3834 DUKAT 459 is a signal.

Service signals

65. To ensure radio communications, special service signals can be installed, transmitted over radio channels: checking the time, checking the suitability of frequencies using control and marker signals, checking the calibration of equipment according to reference frequencies, changing the operating mode of radio communications, replacing frequencies, etc.

The procedure for transmitting service signals is established by order of the chief organizing communications.

66. The time at radio centers and radio stations must be checked using signals from broadcast stations at least four times a day: at 1.00, 7.00, 13.00, 19.00 Moscow time.

The equipment calibration can be checked using reference and reference frequencies transmitted on long, medium and short waves. The schedule and structure of transmission of control and marker signals, reference and reference frequencies are determined by special instructions and communicated to communication centers in the established order.

Radio frequency replacement

67. Radio frequencies are replaced when conditions of radio wave propagation change, when exposed to radio interference, and in other cases determined by radio data.

68. In standby reception mode, changing frequencies is not allowed, despite the presence of interference to reception. Under these conditions, only the restructuring of receiving and transmitting devices can be carried out (without radiation from transmitters) in accordance with the schedule for changing frequencies indicated by radio data, as well as by special instructions from the communication control point.

69. The replacement of frequencies within the time limits indicated by the radio data, as well as day and night (intermediate) frequencies, is carried out at a predetermined time without prior agreement between the correspondents and without transmitting any commands or signals about the replacement of frequencies.

The replacement of frequencies provided for by the radio data must be completed by the exact time specified.

If categorical radiograms are exchanged at the time specified by the radio data for changing frequencies, and the quality of the radio channel meets the requirements, the frequency is changed after the end of the radio exchange.

70. Frequencies are replaced at times not specified by radio data in all cases:

in radio directions - on the initiative of the radio station whose reception is deteriorating;

in radio networks - at the command of the main radio station.

The transition to new frequencies is carried out with the permission of the duty officer at the radio center, who is obliged to verify the necessity and advisability of replacing frequencies, taking into account the communication situation, as well as the availability of reserve frequencies suitable for communication.

71. To ensure radio communications in conditions of interference, spare frequencies are assigned to networks and directions (radio stations).

Group reserve frequencies allocated to a node or communication direction can be used in any radio network and in any radio direction as needed.

The selection of frequencies for replacement from the reserve group is made taking into account the results of monitoring the level of interference on them and the conditions of radio wave propagation.

Radio operators are required to record the presence and duration of interference on their reception frequencies, the call signs of interfering stations, and report upon command.

72. Replacement of frequencies due to interference on them is carried out on the initiative of radio operators on duty only in cases where it is impossible to provide high-quality radio channels at the operating frequencies.

73. A proposal to change the frequency is transmitted by the radio station whose reception conditions have deteriorated.

When transmitting a proposal to change a frequency, a standard call and the signals set for this are used.

Simultaneously with the transmission of a proposal to change the frequency, the correspondent is obliged to propose a reception frequency acceptable to him, transmitting, using the Table of the duty radio operator, the expression “Transmit on frequency .....”. The frequency rating in all cases is expressed by a conventional number.

Example: K7NA ZGZh ZMK 3ХЧ K.

In this example, the radio station with the call sign K7NA invites the main station to transmit on the frequency with the conditional number 845.

74. If one spare frequency is assigned to a network or a radio station in advance, then when transmitting a proposal to replace the frequency, its number is not transmitted, but the code expression “Receive on the spare frequency” or “Switch to the spare frequency” is given.

Example: K7NA ShchDV K, where a radio station with the call sign K7NA invites the main radio station of the network to switch to a spare frequency.

If it is necessary to change the day or night frequency assigned to a network (radio stations) before the time indicated by the radio data, the frequency number is also not indicated, and only the code abbreviations Shchly 1 or Shchly 2 are transmitted.

EXAMPLE: K7NA SHCHLY 2, where a radio station with the call sign K7NA invites the main station of the network to switch to the night frequency(s).

75. The transition to the night frequency is made after the main station has received consent from all network correspondents to change the frequency, is convinced that the command was received correctly, and has transmitted to them confirmation of the receipt of their consent.

To the 40th anniversary of DMB-71

It was used extremely rarely. I witnessed its use up to two times while on duty.

In my notes there is a page with several of the most popular tabular data from the TDR-70, which I kept on hand for convenience during my shift:

572 - extraordinary, use the code - ШТЦ ьь

631-urgent, use the code – ШТЦ ььь ьь

426-airplane, apply the code - SCHTC bj bb bb

987-transition to a spare frequency, code applicable - SHCHDV NO

789 - transition to the main frequency, code - ShchDV.

R-154 (“Molybdenum”) HF range 1-12 MHz. Anti-interference.

R-310 (“Watch”). Short-wave (1.5-25.0 MHz) search for radio tracking and interception of radiotelegraph signals, radiotelephone signals with amplitude modulation

The best shift is from two o'clock in the morning. At 8:00 they relieve you, bringing you a crust from the canteen. The crust is a piece of loaf 2-3 cm thick, on which there is morning butter and three or four pieces of refined sugar. By the way, this sugar was always available at the Cherkasy sugar refinery. The plant, of course. By the way, I often visited the store from Cherkassy Prima. But all these native inscriptions only once again reminded us of the penates, and for this reason they added melancholy to our already difficult days.

Imagine how to blindly find your chicken in someone else's chicken coop by voice.

1.Who assigned and transmitted to us the main and reserve frequencies?

2.Where were the radiograms we received transmitted and by whom?

There will be an opportunity, I will clarify.

In the meantime, ShchRZ ShchVP 73! GB SK

III. Actions practiced by cadets during a practical lesson

Study question No. 1. Mastering the skills of working with radio data forms.

Lesson leader:

1. Defines the main and slave communication nodes;

2. Issues radio data forms and keys to TDR and codes to the Alpha table.

Trainees:

When radios operate in TLG/TLF mode:

1. Guided by the provisions set out in appendices No. 4-6.

2. Enter the selected codes into the “Alpha” table in the radio data forms and keys to the TDR;

3. Using the codes to the “Alpha” table, determine the call signs of communication nodes for their own US and the correspondent US (main – day/night, reserve, permanent emergency call sign) in radio networks and radio directions;

4. Enter the selected call signs of the US into the radio data forms;

5. Select the frequencies for receiving and transmitting messages (day/night) in the HF and VHF bands, and enter them into radio data forms;

6. Determine the time of change of frequencies and call signs (day/night), and enter them into radio data forms;

Study question No. 2. Development of methods for categorizing, filling, transmitting and receiving signals in radio networks and radio directions.

Lesson leader – codes to the table of the radio operator on duty (TDR) and keys to the table “Alpha”.

Trainees:

1. Guided by the provisions set out in appendices No. 2,5,7,8.

2. As a performer (the corresponding official of the aviation unit):

Set a signal (5-digit digital code or alphanumeric);

3. As a radio operator of the main communication center, fills out the signal form and transmits the signal;

4. Radio operator of the subordinate communication center - receives the signal and enters it into the form;

5. Radio operator of the subordinate communication center - hands over the signal form to the head of the radio station (to the teacher at the end of the lesson for verification);

Study question No. 3. Mastering the skills of working with TDR.

The leader of the lesson - as the head of the radio station, issues equipment log forms.

Trainees:

1. Guided by the provisions set out in appendices No. 1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9.

2. Take duty at the radio station;

3. Make an entry in the hardware log about receiving duty at the radio station;

4. Open duty in the radio direction at the frequencies specified in the radio data form and make an entry about this in the hardware log, indicating the time of opening duty in the radio direction;

5. Obtain permission to transmit from the commander - head of the radio station (leader of the lesson) and make an entry about this in the equipment log indicating the time;

6. Conduct radio traffic in radio directions using radio codes according to the table of the duty radio operator:

Actions of the radio operator of the main control center	Actions of a correspondent in the district
Calls the correspondent by call sign and gives his call sign, makes an entry in the hardware log;	Receives a response from the correspondent, indicating the call sign of the main control center and the correspondent, makes an entry in the hardware log;
Queries the quality of the established connection, makes an entry in the hardware log;	The correspondent evaluates the quality of radio communications on a 5-point scale and makes an entry in the hardware log;
Requests the correspondent’s readiness to receive a radiogram, indicating its number and control group of digits, makes an entry in the hardware log;	Responds with readiness to receive a radiogram indicating its number and control group of digits and accepts it;

	Requests the main control system about its readiness to receive a radiogram, indicating its number and control group of digits, makes an entry in the hardware log;
Responds with readiness to receive a radiogram indicating its number and control group of digits and accepts it, makes an entry in the hardware log;
Gives confirmation of the received radiogram, makes an entry in the hardware log;
	At the command of the senior controller, they switch to spare frequencies and make an entry in the hardware log;
Transmits the installed signal, makes an entry in the hardware log indicating its number;	Gives confirmation of a received signal;
	At the command of the commander - head of the radio station (leader of the exercise), duty in the radio direction is closed and an entry is made about this in the equipment log.

7. Submit completed classes to the supervisor for inspection and evaluation:

Radio data forms;

Signal forms;

Forms of hardware logs.

8. The class leader reminds that for three errors made in the hardware log, the grade is reduced by one point.

IV. List of manuals and manuals to be studied before class:

1. Organization of communications and RTO of the Air Force / Tutorial. Air Force Academy. Barabitsky P.V. and gr. author. Monino, 2004

2. Radio technical support for combat operations. Ukhabov B.S. 1990

3. Fundamentals of organizing communications and RTO / Methodological recommendations. Bogdanov V.P. / IPK TSRTU, VMC. Taganrog-2005

4. Fundamentals of organizing communications in units and units of combined arms formations / Methodological recommendations. Dulin M.I., Verba V.A./ IPK TSRTU, VMC. Taganrog-2003

Assistant Professor, Air Force Department

lieutenant colonel

A. Sapozhnikov

"___"___________20__

APPENDIX No. 1

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If interference appears at the main station on the receiving frequency, making it difficult to conduct an exchange, it instructs the correspondents to change the frequency of their transmission, simultaneously reporting the number of the new frequency. The main station of the network, making sure that the correspondents have understood it correctly, confirms reception from them.

Having received confirmation from the main station, all correspondents rebuild their transmitters, and the main station - their receiver to the new frequency. Establishing communications on a new frequency begins with a standard call to correspondents by the main station.

If the reception conditions of one or more correspondents in a duplex network deteriorate, they report this to the main station and offer a new reception frequency acceptable to them.

The main station checks the suitability of the proposed frequency for its transmission and asks other network correspondents about the suitability of the new reception frequency for them.

Having received confirmation from all correspondents of the network that they have received the command, the main station, for its part, gives confirmation, after which the correspondents adjust their receivers, and the main station adjusts its transmitter to the frequency.

Establishing communications on a new frequency begins with a standard call to correspondents by the main station.

If, after replacing the operating frequency, correspondents on the new frequency within 1-2 min do not detect calls from the main station, they are obliged to call it themselves. Having failed to achieve communication on the new frequency within 5 min, correspondents take measures to establish communication simultaneously on the old (working) and new (spare, backup) frequencies.

During the period of establishing communication on the new frequency, it is necessary, where possible, to turn on an additional receiver on the old frequency, which allows you to keep both frequencies under control.

If after 10 min Since the frequency change, communication has not been restored either on the working or spare frequencies, radio operators report on command about the lack of communication and act in accordance with the instructions received.

Rules for using the duty radio operator table (TDR-84)

The table of the duty radio operator is intended for conducting official negotiations over open radio channels by duty radio operators on issues of establishing and maintaining radio communications. It is a mandatory working document for a radio operator.

The table has 100 cells, numbered from 00 to 99, in which official phrases on issues of establishing and maintaining radio communications, as well as letters of the Russian alphabet are written. Cell numbering is used to transmit digital information (conventional numbers of frequencies, connections, etc.).