Master class on guilloche with step by step photos"Gerbera"

Sevostyanova Natalya Valerievna teacher additional education MOAUDOD "TsRTDU "Constellation" Orsk", Orsk, Orenburg region.
Designed for: for middle and older schoolchildren, for teachers, parents, educators.
Usage: as a gift, for interior decoration and paintings.
Target: expanding knowledge about the techniques of making flowers using the technique of burning on fabric in arts and crafts classes.
Tasks:
- teach techniques for working with fabric, new ways of making flowers from fabric;
- develop creativity, imagination, spatial thinking;
- cultivate neatness, aesthetic taste, interest in working with fabric;
- teach how to beautifully, aesthetically competently design a composition, taking into account shape, size, color.

A little about guilloche

Guilloche (burning on fabric) is a handicraft technique that involves finishing products with openwork lace and making appliqués by burning using a special apparatus.
The author of the original method of processing fabrics, called “guilloche,” was Zinaida Petrovna Kotenkova. The method was first developed in the 1980s in Rybinsk, and in 1990 an author's certificate for the invention was received. Zinaida Kotenkova collaborated with fashion designer Vyacheslav Zaitsev, and also received a letter of gratitude from Enne Burda, the creator of the Burda Moden magazine.
Guilloche has become popular in Russia and abroad. With its help you can make products using applique: napkins, panels, bookmarks, postcards, notebooks, lace products in cutwork style, etc.
Only synthetic fabrics are suitable for guilloche, since they do not burn when heated, but melt and become sticky: satin, nylon, nylon, raincoat fabrics, crimplene, fabrics with lurex, rayon, thin and dense knitwear, velvet, panvelvet, etc. d. The guilloche tool is a wood burning machine or a soldering iron with minor modifications.
Along with synthetic fabrics, silk is widely used in guilloche. It has excellent adhesiveness, which is so important for creating interesting works.
This is a rare type of arts and crafts, fraught with great opportunities. Openwork collars and scarves, napkins and curtains made according to new technology, will decorate the world around you.
Guilloche (burning on fabric) - modern and fascinating view handicrafts. Its advantage is that it takes significantly less time to produce a product than a product made using the embroidery technique. A round napkin with a diameter of 15–20 cm or a medium-sized collar can be completed in 1.5–2 hours.
Fabric burning is based on the property of fabrics made from chemical fibers - to melt and stick together under high temperature.
The possibilities of guilloche are very wide. Using a hot needle, you can create magnificent products using appliqué: napkins, decorative panels, bookmarks, postcards, notebooks, and also lace products in the Cutwork style: collars, scarves and, of course, flowers.

Gerbera– Latin Gerbera - Aster family.
Gerberas grow in South Africa, Madagascar, and also in tropical Asia. The beauty and variety of colors of Gerberas is amazing; they can be any color except blue.
Gerberas are grown all over the world as beautifully flowering ornamental plants - for cutting, as indoor flowers and as garden plants.
Gerberas were first described in 1737 by the Dutch botanist Jan Gronovius and named by him in honor of his colleague, the German doctor and botanist Traugott Gerber, who studied medicinal plants in Russia and was the director of the Apothecary Garden, which was later named a botanical garden. There is also another version of the origin of the name - from the Latin herba - grass.
Fragile Gerberas, brought from distant Africa, did not take root in Europe. But in 1878, Scottish gold miner Robert Jameson found an unusual flower, which turned out to be a new species of Gerbera.
Breeders began crossing Gerberas, and many were obtained various types. But the flowers were still very susceptible to disease and died. And only by the middle of the last century, breeders managed to increase the resistance of plants to diseases and obtain flowers with large inflorescences of spectacular colors.
Now these amazing flowers delight us with their simplicity, modesty and at the same time extraordinary beauty and elegance.

The legend of the gerbera
A forest nymph once lived
This beauty was called the Coat of Arms.
Very beautiful! I was delighted!
Looking at the nymph, the soul blossomed!

Everyone liked me and only caught glances,
Suddenly she realized that she needed something else...
“How tiring all this attention is,
I would like another confession!

I will become an inconspicuous and modest flower,
Unpretentious, full of joy.
Light, open and for the mood..."
She became a gerbera... The transformation has passed.
author Natalia Ushenina
Required materials for production: lining fabric for the flower (pink in our case) - 50X50 cm, black crystal fabric (green or yellow) for the flower core - 5 X 30 cm, green satin crepe fabric - 5 X 10 cm, wire for the stem with a diameter of 2 mm, crepe green paper, pliers, PVA glue, burner, glass, iron ruler, scissors, aluminum foil templates, a piece of soap or chalk, glass vial with a diameter of 2 cm.


We start making a flower by making the core. To do this, we take black crystal fabric, approximately 3–4 cm wide and 25–30 cm long. Since the core of Gerberas can be yellow or light green, you can take these colors. We lay the strip on the glass and, using a burner and an iron ruler, cut off the edges of the strip on all sides. On the front side of the strip, we draw lines in length, departing from the upper and lower edges by 5 - 7 mm. We place the strip on the glass and, using a burner, make cuts using the “Noodle” technique in the middle of our strip, i.e. between the drawn lines.


“Noodle” technique. Two horizontal parallel lines are drawn on the fabric at a certain distance. Using an iron ruler and a burner, we connect these two parallel ones, drawing lines perpendicular to them. Each subsequent line is drawn parallel, below the previous one at a distance of 1 - 2 mm. Thus, we cut the strips along the entire length to the required size (length).
We fold the resulting strip in half lengthwise, connecting the opposite edges of the strip with a burner every 3 - 4 cm. The core blank is ready.


Using pliers, bend the upper edge of the wire 5 mm (if the wire is thinner, fold it in half). We insert the edge of the core blank into the resulting loop and clamp it with pliers.


We twist our workpiece around the wire, fixing it with a burner. Be sure to make sure that the lower edge of the workpiece lies flat and does not move, forming a “hat”


Fix the edge of the workpiece well with a burner. Using the side of the burner needle, we melt the lower edge of the resulting “hat-core” for strength and so that it does not lose its shape.


The stem with the core is ready.


Let's start making the inflorescence. We fold the lining fabric in two, lay it on the glass and, using a burner and a petal template cut out of aluminum foil (petal size 1.5 x 5 cm), cut out the petals.


We press the template tightly to the fabric and use a burner needle to trace it on all sides, trying not to allow it to move. We hold the burner needle perpendicular to the glass, so the edges will be smooth and beautiful. We remove the template and pry the cut out petal with the edge of the template, remove it from the glass and set it aside. We place the template again on the fabric, placing it as close as possible to the one already cut out. Thus, we cut out 40 - 46 petals.
We process the lower edge of the petal. We bend the sides into the center of the petal and fix them with a burner (with a burner needle we put a point on the edge of the petal and then press it with our finger so that the edges stick together)



We process all the petals in this way.
The basis for the inflorescence. Using a coin, cut out a circle with a diameter of 2 cm with a burner. Fold it in half and, using a ruler, cut along the fold at an angle from the edge to the center, 2 mm on both sides. Then we turn the part inside out. The base for the cone-shaped inflorescence is ready.


Attach the petals to the base. We apply the petal to the base and solder it to the base with a burner, i.e. We put a point with a burner and then press it with our finger.
Attention! Since the melted fabric is hot, the work must be carried out carefully, as you can get burned.


Place the next petal next to the first petal and burn it in the same way as the first. In this way we fasten the subsequent petals of the first row, placing them next to each other. We fasten the second row in the same way as the first, placing the petals of the second row between the petals of the first (in a checkerboard pattern). We fasten all the petals in this way, in a checkerboard pattern in subsequent rows, until all the petals are finished. The inflorescence is ready.


Let's move on to making small petals. From a piece of fabric we cut a strip 30–40 cm long with a beveled top, one side of which is 1.5 cm, and the other 2.5 cm.


Stepping back 2 - 3 mm from the bottom straight edge, we cut our strip into petals 4 - 5 mm wide for the entire remaining height and to the end of the strip.


The result is a strip with narrow petals


Take a glass bottle with a diameter of 2 cm and wind a strip with small petals onto it, starting from the smaller edge of 1.5 cm, level the bottom edge


Using a burner, we fasten the lower edge of the small petals in four places (there is no need to fix the entire edge around the circumference), the main thing is to fix the beginning and end of the strip.


Small petals are ready.


Let's move on to assembling the flower. We put a blank with small petals on the stem with the finished core and, using a burner, carefully fix them on the core of the flower with several points.



Make a hole in the center of the inflorescence blank with a burner and put it on the stem, fixing it on the wrong side with a burner.


From green satin crepe folded in half, cut out a circle with a diameter of 2.5 - 3 cm (for this it is fashionable to use a 5-ruble coin). We make a sepal. Fold it in half and, using a ruler, cut along the fold at an angle from the edge to the center, 2 mm on both sides. We unfold the part, fold it in half again, matching the already cut edges, and also using a ruler, cut along the fold at an angle from the edge to the center, 2 mm on both sides.


The result was a cone-shaped part cut off on four sides. Then we turn the part inside out.


Using a burner, we decorate the upper edge of the sepal with a wavy line. We make a hole at the top of the sepal with a burner.


We put the sepal on the stem and carefully fix it using a burner - we draw the needle between the sepal and the underside of the inflorescence and immediately press the parts together. You can also use a glue gun or Titan glue.

Guilloche is a technique of openwork burning on fabric. Various napkins, tablecloths, clothing items and even paintings can be created using the guilloche method. To do this, you need a wood burning device, in which the tip is replaced with a wire needle.

Further, for work you need: glass, lamp, paper and thin synthetic fabric, an atlas is best. The glass is installed so that a lamp can be installed under it. For this purpose, I use an LCD TV with a damaged matrix, instead of which glass is inserted (perhaps someone will be interested in such a device, it’s quite convenient). The drawing is printed on a printer or copied to white sheet paper or whatman paper by hand. It is desirable that the lines of the drawing are clear and thick; if they are thin, then you should outline them with a marker. You can find a suitable drawing on the Internet or come up with your own.

Let's look at burning on fabric using a napkin as an example (I took the picture from the Internet):
Turn on the lamp, place the paper with the pattern on the glass, put the fabric on top and start burning. You can make both single-layer products, with a pattern, and two-layer ones, with “gluing” the layers to each other, using a burning device.
I'll talk about creating a two-layer napkin.
To do this you will need a small piece of plain fabric and colored scraps. You can choose colors according to your taste. I chose gold for the base and centers of the flowers, green for the leaves, and red for the flowers themselves.

First, using the sting of a burning machine, we cut out the elements from the flaps that will be placed on top of the base, flowers and leaves. It is best to iron the fabric and stretch it slightly when burning. Keep in one place, avoiding moving. The needle of the burning device should be directed away from you. You need to cut out the parts along the outer contour, the inner contour will be discussed later.



After all the details are cut out, take the fabric for the base of the napkin and pin it to the paper with the pattern, covering it completely.



Using a needle, we make light strokes that look like a droplet; do not hold the needle in place for a long time, otherwise you will get large holes.
The details are superimposed on the base according to the drawing. When all the leaves are attached to the base, we proceed to the flowers. Also, according to the drawing, we apply it to the base and “solder” it using the same method, hiding the tails of the leaves. In this napkin, the flowers are divided into two parts. The larger part will be applied with the front side, and the small part with the wrong side. This will create an interesting color effect.


When all the elements are “soldered” to the base, we begin to follow the same “droplets” along the inner contour and the remaining lines on the flowers and leaves.

We didn’t know, although we saw it, and decided to write to you about it too :)
Surely you have some handkerchiefs, tablecloths, or your mother’s or grandmother’s collars lying around:

So, guilloche(English guilloche) in needlework means finishing products with openwork lace and making appliqués by burning using a special device (by the way, you can do it yourself;)

The most interesting thing is that this technique comes from Russia; Zinaida Petrovna Kotenkova invented and patented this type of fabric processing in the 80s. Zinaida Petrovna traveled around Mother Russia and taught craftswomen how to do beautiful burning, worked with Vyacheslav Zaitsev, and received a letter of gratitude from Annie Burda.
A similar technique existed in Germany in the 70s. XIX century and was called pyrotechnics.

The basis of slotted openwork burning is cutting out through holes of various configurations, shapes and sizes with a hot needle. It is this method that underlies the production of many different openwork items. Craftswomen advise that it is best to start mastering guilloche with slotted burning, as this is reminiscent of drawing various figures with a pencil or pen, which is familiar to everyone from childhood.

Fabric burning involves burning holes of various shapes, so the lines of the design should never intersect. Otherwise, a hole will form on the product at the intersection of the drawing lines. Also, in the burning technique it is impossible to make a continuous long line, since in this case a long cut is formed on the product, but in the drawings there are often smooth, rather long lines. In the burning technique, they can be indicated by strokes or dots.

The eyes are afraid, but the hands are doing!

To work you need:

1. Fabric:
Only synthetic fabrics are suitable: satin, nylon, nylon, raincoat fabrics, crimplene, fabrics with lurex, artificial silk, thin and dense knitwear, velvet, panvelvet, etc. These fabrics do not burn under the influence of a hot needle, but melt and become sticky .
By the way, be careful if you have allergies, because when burned, synthetics give off a smell and fumes.

2. Sketch:
ready-made or make a drawing yourself, on thick paper, preferably on Whatman paper, with a dark felt-tip pen or marker.
You can take drawings for cutwork, drawings from children's coloring books, embroidery...

3. Burning apparatus:

It looks like this, you can buy it, or make it yourself;)

4. Copy table, or popularly “kozlotron”

When we were students, we used a box with fluorescent lamps, on which we placed a sheet of plexiglass..

5. Auxiliary tools:
scissors, cardboard, foil, tweezers with sharp tips (for removing small cut out parts), small pieces of fabric (used to remove carbon deposits from a hot needle) and fine sandpaper or natfel (for sharpening the working tip of a simple needle during its manufacture, as well as during cleaning a hot needle from burning).

It seems like everyone else :)

We will learn at the master class Statsenko Maria from Volgograd, which we kindly borrowed from the website www.osinka.ru

1. We will need:

  • piece of fabric 20x20cm (synthetic fiber);
  • a small piece of fabric for decoration;
  • a pattern drawn on paper, a coin and a wood burning device or a pointed soldering iron.

2. For work we use glass, under which we place a lamp. We place paper with the image of the ornament on the glass and the fabric on top with the front side facing the paper. Using a soldering iron (or a burning device), we cut out the outline of the pattern, which should be transferred to the base.

3. Carefully remove excess fabric. The pattern itself remains on the paper.

4. To remove small unnecessary parts, use a knife to pry them off.

5. Place the main fabric on the finished pattern, fixed on paper (also with the front side facing the paper). Using a soldering iron, we “grab” the pattern pointwise in some places. Each point made with a soldering iron must be quickly pressed with a finger to seal the pattern and fabric.

6. Now use a knife to pry up the pattern along with the base and separate it from the paper. Here is our future pattern transferred to fabric.

7. Next is the longest process. All lines of the pattern must be burned pointwise with a soldering iron, not forgetting to press every 2-3 points with your finger. We translate the pattern in accordance with the drawing. In some places you can make through holes to create openwork.

8. Using a soldering iron, cut off the excess main fabric along the outer contour of the pattern.

9. Take a coin and partially use it to draw a contour around the entire perimeter of the handkerchief.

10. Cut out circles in the center of each semicircle. So our handkerchief is ready.

11. Using a similar scheme, you can make a more complex pattern using two layers of fabric in the ornament. To do this, first transfer the pattern from translucent organza, tack it with dots, then the pattern from white fabric is also tacked and both layers are finally fixed.

Guilloche is a technique of burning a pattern into fabric. It is done using a special apparatus. Needlewomen burn only on synthetic fabrics; the whole point is that they work with natural fabrics it won’t work, the fabric should melt, but not burn. The opportunities that open up for those who have mastered this technique are very great. You can create decorative paintings using the resulting applique. You can make openwork napkins, postcards with your own hands, decorate notebooks, clothes: collars, scarves, etc.

The history of the origin of this art is not completely known. In Germany in the 70s. XIX century There was a similar manual technique of burning onto fabric called pyrotechnics.

Thanks to the originality, sophistication and uniqueness of artistic fabric burning, many craftswomen have mastered it. Guilloche is popular both in Russia and abroad. Children starting from the age of six also learn the basics of this art.

In the 80s, a new original method of fabric processing was first developed in Rybinsk - guilloche. Its author is Zinaida Petrovna Kotenkova. In 1990, Z.P. Kotenkova received an author's certificate for her invention.

Guilloche - in relation to fabric processing, is used as the name of a method of processing synthetic fabrics based on welded joints of parts. It is based on the property of synthetic fabrics to melt at a certain temperature, which makes it possible to cut through patterns and connect individual parts with a hot needle.

The possibilities of guilloche are very wide. Using a hot needle, you can quickly make a variety of beautiful, elegant products; imitate many types of traditional arts and crafts (embroidery, lace, applique, etc.); use in creativity motifs of folk crafts not related to fabric processing, such as Rostov enamel, Khokhloma painting, Gzhel; change the texture of fabrics.

Having mastered guilloche, you can make various additions to clothing: collars, frills, vests, dresses and blouses can be decorated with “embroidery”. Accessories - decorative scarves, brooches, earrings, artificial flowers. Guilloche can be used to create gifts and souvenirs: cosmetic bags, covers and bookmarks, paintings, panels. The house can be decorated with curtains, lampshades, and napkins.

What you need to know to master the guilloche technique

1. Before you start working with finished product, you should know that this type of needlework may seem difficult for beginners. Therefore, practice on a scrap of the same fabric.

2. On the Internet you will find various patterns for creating drawings, from which you can choose what you like.

3. Keep in mind that this burning technique requires great care and clarity of the ornament.

To work you need:

1. Fabric. Only synthetic fabrics are suitable: satin, nylon, nylon, raincoat fabrics, crimplene, fabrics with lurex, rayon, thin and dense knitwear, velvet, pan velvet, etc. These fabrics do not burn under the influence of a hot needle, but melt and become sticky .
2. Sketch. Ready-made or make a drawing yourself, on thick paper, preferably on Whatman paper, with a dark felt-tip pen or marker.
You can take drawings for cutwork, drawings from children's coloring books.
3. Burning apparatus.

4. Copy table.

5. Tools. Scissors, cardboard, foil, tweezers with sharp tips (for removing small cut out parts), small pieces of fabric (used to remove carbon deposits from a hot needle) and fine sandpaper or natfel (for sharpening the working tip of a simple needle during its manufacture, as well as during cleaning a hot needle from burning).

Recently, carved elements on fabric have come into fashion. Perforated patterns decorate the edges of collars, sleeves, and hems of dresses. You can follow too fashion trends, having studied guilloche - a technique of artistic fabric carving - and using it to transform old things.

History of creativity

Guilloche as a form of creativity was recognized relatively recently - only in the middle of the twentieth century. Russian needlewoman from Rybinsk Zinaida Kotenkova developed her own method of burning on fabric only in the 1980s.

The method involves using a special soldering iron or burning tool to cut patterns into fabric or glue pieces of fabric to form an applique.

In 1990, Zinaida issued an author's certificate confirming the innovation of her creative idea, which can be used to create a wide variety of products: tablecloths and napkins, bookmarks and panels, decorations for postcards and notebook covers.

The finished pattern resembles a work done using satin stitch embroidery using the cutwork technique.

Working tools

Guilloche is based on the use of hot objects - cutters or heaters. For beginning crafters, it is enough to have a soldering iron with a pointed working end on hand.

But if you want to learn how to carve complex ornate patterns, purchase a special wood burning device. Stock up on various attachments - with thin, rounded and wide tips that will help you complete drawings of any complexity.

Choose cutters with voltage control so you can cut both thick and thin fabrics. In addition, with reduced voltage, you can not only cut out patterns, but also melt fabric to glue mosaic elements together.

It is convenient to maintain the cutter by sharpening its needle every time it becomes dull using regular sandpaper.

In addition, guilloche will require you to have standard tools used in creativity: scissors, tweezers - for more convenient movement of small parts, glue, stencils and diagrams.

And don’t forget about safety precautions: guilloche is based on working with high temperatures. Make sure that the hot surfaces of the tool do not come into contact with bare skin, hair, or nails.

Working materials

The trick to this type of needlework is that the work is done only on synthetic fabrics. They do not burn like natural ones, but begin to melt, thanks to which a heated piece of material can be cut off or glued.

Most often, handicraftsmen use the following materials:

  • Nylon - the material is perfect both for the base and for the manufacture of finishing parts. This group includes synthetic satin, tricotine, crimplein, and ribbed dense brocade.
  • Nylon tapes - with their help the pattern is diluted with bright spots. Thanks to the wide color palette of this material, you can create tonal transitions.

In addition, guilloche accepts the use of artificial silk, lurex, nylon, artificial velvet, and chiffon.

Before starting work, check the properties of the fabric. Take a small piece and set it on fire to see whether the material melts or burns, and whether the working needle leaves soot and soot on it.

Don't forget about additional work materials. For example, it is easy to form templates for future parts from cardboard and foil. But buttons, beads and bead embroidery are perfect for decorating the finished work.

DIY paintings

To better remember what guilloche is, try making a beautiful painting out of fabric with your own hands. You will need loose synthetic fabric, paper, a lamp and glass.

With this master class you will learn how to guilloche two layers of fabric by gluing flaps of auxiliary fabric to the main one.

  • Print out the drawing of the future painting on a sheet of paper. Make sure it has a thick outline.

  • Install the glass so that a backlight can be placed under it. For example, glass can be placed on 2 supports, and a lamp can be placed under it.
  • Select the fabrics from which you will create the picture. Choose light-colored fabrics as a base—bright colors will look better on them.

  • Place the sheet with the printed stencil on the glass lit from below. Place the fabric you plan to cut from on top small details. Run the heated cutter along the outer contour of the design, cutting out the elements of the picture.

  • Try to cut out the outline of each part without taking your hands off the material.

  • After all the parts are cut out, lay them out in the field of view so that there is free working space. Attach the base fabric to the stencil using sewing pins and light it with a lamp.

  • Start gluing those parts that will be covered by other elements on top. Place the sheet on the base paper and use light, quick movements of the cutter along the outer edge, which resemble stitches from the center to the edge, to connect the elements to the base.

  • Once you have glued all the leaves, start attaching the petals. Do not keep the soldering iron in one place for a long time - you can singe both the part itself and the main fabric, leaving unsightly holes.

  • Once you have soldered all the parts to the base, you can start working on the inner circuit. Using the same movements that create soldered holes in the form of droplets, walk along the inner lines of the drawing.

  • Finish the finishing - heat up the soldering iron a little higher and start cutting out the outline of the napkin. It can be made either smooth or openwork, as in the master class.

Your napkin is ready! The product can be an excellent table decoration or an original gift to a loved one. To turn a napkin into a painting, simply place the item under a glass frame.

Now try to master guilloche using a slightly different technique. This video tutorial will tell you how to create a three-dimensional brooch in the shape of a fabric flower by gluing three-dimensional petal parts.

At first, it may seem that guilloche is a rather labor-intensive process. But you will very quickly get used to working with a miniature soldering iron and begin to enjoy the process.