And what, if not the experience of other countries, allows you to form your own idea of ​​what it should look like? kindergarten- the same one that a child will be happy to go to every morning, where there are no semolina with lumps and absolutely no one locks him in the toilet. Let's learn about the Italian experience. What are they like, kindergartens in Italy? Of course, we will talk about municipal preschool institutions.

Nurseries in Italy

Most Italian babies go to nurseries at 3 months. 5 months - this is how long official maternity leave lasts for Italian mothers (2 months before giving birth and 3 after). You can, of course, take another 6 months, but in this case the payments will be only 30% of the salary level. Therefore, most Italian women decide to send their child to a nursery (or grandmother, nanny) at the age of about six months. This usually coincides with the introduction of complementary foods.

So, official nurseries in Italy work with babies aged 3 months and older. There are also municipal nurseries, but getting there is difficult. Private ones are also controlled by the state and cost from 500 euros per month. However, there is a catch: the nursery is only open until 16:00. Therefore, parents get out of the situation as best they can, because not everyone works until 15-16 hours (plus travel time to kindergarten). Grandmothers, nannies, neighbors with the same kids are used. In general, the presence of grandparents is very helpful; it is the older generation that is seriously involved in the leisure time of the little ones and their additional development. An Italian grandfather I know gathers all the neighbors’ kids (albeit older ones, about 3 years old) and digs with them in an impromptu garden.

Kindergarten in Italy: from 3 to 5

Although officially preschool education in Italy it is not compulsory, but almost all children aged 3 to 5 attend kindergarten. In addition to private and municipal ones, there are Catholic gardens.

There is payment in municipal ones; usually parents pay for meals and buy various gaming and educational materials. The amount depends on the official income of the family: some pay 300 euros, and others 50. Here there are exactly the same queues, which are more likely for children with special needs, from single-parent families, or both working parents.

But it is easier to get into Catholic kindergartens; they are divided rather according to the principle of proximity of residence and provide approximately the same preschool education. They are cheaper than private ones, but more expensive than municipal ones. The nuns of the order under which the garden is organized spend a lot of time with the children.

Common to all Italians kindergartens something that will surprise Ukrainian mothers. Children here practically do not walk outside. Italian parents and pediatricians believe that children do not necessarily need to be outside, especially if the temperature is below 10 degrees.

In kindergartens for older children there are after-school programs that run until 18:00. Enrolling a child in them costs an additional fee, approximately another 100-150 euros per month.

They treat diapers calmly here; up to the age of 3, it is generally not customary to remove a diaper from a child. But if the parents insist, then the teachers will do the planting, but definitely not before the baby’s 2nd birthday.

Blankets, pillows, linen, bibs and other textiles in Italian kindergartens are individual for each child. Everything is given to parents on Friday for washing and replacement.

As in most European gardens, children do not sleep during the day. And if they sleep, then right on the floor gymnastic mats or mattresses. Shoes are not removed during sleep - this is a requirement fire safety. All shoes are only with Velcro!

As for food, kindergartens usually have a seasonal menu: summer and winter. Children have breakfast at home, lunch in the garden, and for afternoon snack they eat what they brought from home. For lunch - pasta, pizza, rice, beans, potatoes, lean meat, sauces. And no soups! Dairy is also not welcome here due to the large number of protein allergies cow's milk. Therefore, children do not bring yogurt with them, but only eat it at home.

Photo: shutterstock, depositphotos

I immediately ask you not to throw slippers at me and not to write “it’s my own fault.” She's probably guilty if this happened. But I don’t know what to do now.
Teenage son, 15 years old. I raised him all my life alone; my grandmother (my mother) helped him before school. I didn’t blow my mind, on the contrary, I was quite demanding; my parenting style was closer to authoritarian. But our relationship was always friendly (not familiar): we went on vacation, on excursions, and played sports together. My son grew up without problems: he didn’t bully, was sociable, strived for knowledge, and shared his interests with me.
And then adolescence came (((My son began to be rude, snap back, skip school. When I tried to separate him from the computer, he could push me away. I already felt this alarm bell, we went to a psychologist. And 2 days ago my son again raised his hand against me And he didn’t just push him away, trying to protect his computer, but hit him hard on his sore leg (he knew it was sore) with such anger, and I didn’t even touch him (((I was in shock... and I still am. .. I don’t know how to continue to live!!! It’s as if everything has broken inside me, the light that constantly motivated me for my development and the development of my son has gone out. I feel like I can’t love him the same way as before, even see him. I can’t. I don’t understand how I could raise such a man who could hit a woman, especially his mother!!! Why did I put all my soul into him, thoughts arise even about an orphanage, maybe he will find another mother there, who will be loved and not hated, like me? We don’t have temporary boarding schools, only if we refuse completely. All thoughts in a heap...
I’m writing... I don’t know why... my heart is very heavy... Maybe at least someone will tell me a way out...

639

Everything will pass

Would you be able to come to terms with such a choice for your children, to come to terms with the fact that your dreams of grandchildren, of some kind of career that you haven’t found yourself in the world are going to hell. You would hope that while you’re still in the novices, you’ll change your mind and come back. It’s a chatty topic. .

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Anonymous

I am the mother of a monster girl: the monster is thirteen years old, he is not scary, not evil, he is very rational and purposeful: he will study at Baumansky, he will never get married, he is not interested in gentlemen, children are “a horror that should be avoided from the word “categorically” "
This, in fact, was the monster’s program now. Declaration. Declaration. bullshit you say? No matter how it is! Bad luck - the beginning! A C in algebra was corrected to a solid A. We purchased glasses without diopters - “I don’t need chocolate, I don’t see chocolate.” The entire wardrobe is checkered and black all over. All! The process has begun...
Are we losing her?
Tell me, do I, as a mother, have hope?

140

Tarenta

Good evening! WITH ex-husband We have been in a relationship since 2012. There have already been a lot of things, both good and bad, I’ll say right away that he has a difficult character, but I have always loved him. After 6 years of dating, I finally got pregnant, and with twins! But when our daughters were already 8 months old, he left us, and after a month of his absence, I filed for divorce. And after another half a year, I completed the renovations in the apartment (not without the help of my parents, of course, we lived with them throughout the renovation). So, in May of this year, when we returned, he began to visit us. Then I found out that he had already been in a relationship (he was 31 and his pig-faced girl was 18 years old, and even flirted with 15-year-olds). Of course, I was shocked, but for the sake of my daughters I stopped holding a grudge against him, and I myself soon forgave him.. In the end, he “seems to be” with us, but at the same time “he’s not.” All the talk about bringing him home causes him to have verbal diarrhea and a bunch of ways to quarrel. He just stupidly comes to visit us 2-3 times a week and also lives separately from us. He always gives something to children, never goes empty-handed. But he’s not doing anything serious to return to his family! I'm already tired.. Help me with advice on what to do in general? The children love him, I have already forgiven him, I love him... Do you think there is a chance to restore the family?...

103

Anonymous

I won’t delay, I’ll say it right away. I don’t like the way singer Alexander Malinin and his family are as a person, of course especially his wife Emma. Under the guise of “grooming, femininity, intelligence” - a predatory, smug, domineering and arrogant woman. If anyone is not in the know, bring up the story with Malinin’s illegitimate daughter from O. Zarubina and Emma’s reaction to this and everything will fall into place. Question: why and why we, people are simple ordinary people allow and support such characters, “admire” their exclusivity in the comments, feed and support them in the opinion that they are worth something, they are just clowns for the entertainment of the public and live at our expense, and they despise us. It’s really impossible to turn on the TV, open the Internet, these “artists” are everywhere.

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More and more of our clients are moving with small children. And questions immediately arise: Is this possible? What should I do? Where can you place a 2-year-old baby? How do kindergartens (nurseries) work in Italy? Let's try to answer these questions.

First of all, I would like to note that small child– this is absolutely no obstacle to moving to new country, and even more so for enrolling in a university. Remember that in Italian universities, as a rule, there is no compulsory attendance and the student plans his own time. And the second important point that small children automatically fit into the mother’s document.

So, the structures preschool age in Italy can be divided into two large groups: nurseries and kindergartens. Let's take a closer look at each of the groups.

NURSES OR ASILO NIDO.

For children from 3 months to 3 years old there are public and private nurseries.

To enroll a child in a government agency, you must submit a request, which will be included in the list. It is advisable to submit a request as early as possible, since the first person to apply will receive a place first. When the submission of the request ends, usually in the month of May, all applications are processed, places are allocated and confirmation is sent to your home that you have been assigned a place and date parent meeting. It is possible to submit a request to several institutions at once (no more than 3), which guarantees that, if there is space, you will get into one of them.

Places on the list are distributed based on the socio-economic situation of the family: in accordance with this, a contribution for payment will be determined (on average from 50 euros to 400.00 euros, depending on the income of the parents). For children over one year old there is an additional service - from 16.30 to 17.30 a teacher sits with them, this service costs approximately 100 euros per year.

As for private nurseries, everything is much simpler here. The main thing is to pay monthly, and your child is guaranteed a place in the nursery. Of course, the cost of private nurseries is much more expensive (400-1000 euros per month depending on the region).

In the nursery, children begin to learn to draw in different techniques, make applications. Nurseries equipped in Italy in the best possible way: lots of toys and books, gyms with soft cubes, ball pits and slides, on the playground there are strollers for babies and cars with bicycles for older babies.

The nursery is open from September to June each year; in July there is a summer center for parents who work. The nursery is open 5 days a week, except general holidays, from 7.30 to 16.30. At the end of the day, parents are given a sheet that notes what the child ate, how many times he went to the toilet, how he slept, and what he did.

KINDERGARTEN OR SCUOLA DELL'INFANZIA.

Kindergarten in Italy lasts three years and is intended for children from 3 to 5 years old. It is not necessary to attend kindergarten, that is, parents themselves choose whether they want to send their child to kindergarten or not.

In order to enroll a child in a public kindergarten, you must go to the School Services Department (Dipartimento dei Servizi Scolastici) at the municipality. The cost depends on the financial situation of each individual family. The price for a kindergarten, as well as for a nursery, is calculated taking into account the total income of the family.

A kindergarten, like a nursery, can be either private or public. According to the age of the child, they are assigned to a group of approximately 15 to 30 children. In terms of the number of such gardens in the country, Italy occupies a leading position in Europe. About 98% of Italian children attend preschool. It is assumed that when admitted to kindergarten, a child must be potty trained and be able to take minimal care of himself: wash his hands, dry them with a towel, take off his shoes, put on a jacket.

The kindergarten's operating hours are as follows: kindergarten opens at 8 am. Lunch - at 11.30, sleep from 13.30-14.00 and until 15.00. And at 16.00-16.15 the kindergarten closes

Kindergartens at church parishes are very popular. In such institutions the director may be a nun. The focus, of course, is also appropriate: at holidays, children sing songs about Jesus, and each school year begins not with a solemn assembly with the raising of the Italian flag, but with a service in church.

After the release of the above, many questions came to our inbox. After all, today more and more people are moving to Europe with children, and therefore this argument is becoming popular.

Hello, they write about “inserimento” on various sites, but I didn’t find anything like that in your article. What is this?
Inserimento is the gradual introduction of a child to kindergarten (nursery). In Italy, it is customary that on the first day of a baby’s stay in kindergarten (nursery), the mother spends the entire day with him, from morning until evening. This involvement of the child in the established routine of the garden corresponds to a strict schedule. For example, on the first day, the mother is always next to the baby, on the second day, 15-minute breaks are organized in their communication, the third day is spent with a pause of 30 minutes, and so on. Or, depending on the institution, the mother comes with the child on the first day for an hour and stays with the child all the time. On the second day, the time increases and the child stays for lunch. On the third day, the mother is asked to simply observe from afar, and not to go to the door before she is called, even if she hears the baby crying. On the fourth day, the mother is removed for 30 minutes, and on the fifth day, the mother may no longer stay.

What do children do in kindergartens? Are there any lessons or activities?
Here is an officially confirmed list of what is taught in every preschool in Italy:
— physical activity;
— Me and others (basics cohabitation in society, morality);
- Extension vocabulary child, rhetoric;
— foreign languages, self-expression, creativity;
- getting to know the outside world.
Some gardens also include cooking lessons, swimming pool classes, and theater performances. Of course, a lot depends on the type of structure, private or public.

I know that schools have special buses that transport children. Is there such a service for kindergartens?

Yes, in some kindergartens you can use the school bus service for a separate and very small fee. The fee ranges from 25 to 50 euros per month.

I heard that some mothers themselves organize small kindergartens at home. Is that so? how to do this?

Most likely we are talking about family kindergarten(manger). The essence of this type of kindergarten is this: a group of children of 3-7 people is under the supervision of a private teacher in her home during the daytime, usually together with her own child. Of course, the home must be equipped in accordance with all safety and sanitation standards. The teacher must be a mother herself or have a pedagogical education, or have work experience in a regular kindergarten. Their prices are approximately the same as in private ones.

We are accustomed to the way our education process is organized, we are accustomed to our kindergartens, but there is always room for change. To do this, you need to look at your neighbors and see how everything works for others. Today we decided to look at how kindergartens are organized in Italy and find out what we can learn from them.

Editorial “So Simple!” delved into this issue and will tell you how the process works preschool education children in Italy. We tell you everything honestly, without embellishing anything. There are both good and bad there too.

Italian mothers have a completely different approach to raising a child. The official decree in the country lasts only 5 months; if desired, it can be extended for another six months. Most mothers go back to work six months after the birth of their child and, it is worth noting, they do not at all think that this is bad.

Children can be sent to nurseries as early as three months. Italian mothers are sure that the child needs this, because babies also need socialization. It is believed that it is in kindergarten that a child will be able to communicate more with other children and quickly acquire the skills needed for life. It is impossible to say for sure whether this is correct or not, but with the Italians it is so.

Frankly speaking, it’s quite difficult for mothers there. The maternity leave is very short, and the nursery is only open until four o’clock, and then you have to somehow get out. Some work only the first half of the day, while others hire nannies or ask grandparents for help. In general, a lot depends on the older generation in Italy, because these are the people who most often babysit their children, take them to extracurricular activities and hobby groups.

Preschool education in Italy is optional, but almost all children go to kindergartens. Parents have a choice: private, municipal or Catholic kindergartens. They differ in many ways. Private ones are not suitable for many due to the high cost (400–500 euros). In municipalities, the pay is a little less and you can get benefits, but the queues there are crazy and the requirements are quite strict.

The easiest way to get into Catholic kindergartens. It does not take into account the income and employment of parents, and preference is given to those who live nearby. Conditions there are better than in municipal institutions, and the payment is much less than in private ones. This good option, if parents are not embarrassed by the fact that in addition to teachers, nuns work with children.

We will talk specifically about Catholic kindergartens. Let's figure out what the features are.

Features of kindergartens in Italy

Walking is optional

There is always a large garden or park next to such kindergartens, but children are taken out for walks quite rarely. From October to March, teachers do not take children outside at all, but parents do not mind. It is generally not customary for Italians to walk with children every day; they do not consider it a necessity. Personally, I think that this is still a minus, because children need to see nature, breathe air, and not sit within four walls.

Small groups and friendly attitude

According to the law, groups in kindergarten should not contain more than 29 children. For this number there are two teachers. Most often, the number of children does not exceed 18, which is very good. Children under three years of age are also allowed to come in diapers; the child is not required to be potty trained. This is treated normally here. And children are not forced to change their shoes. It is believed that this is for fire safety purposes. So no “change”.

Menu

Usually children in kindergarten only have lunch, because they have breakfast at home and bring an afternoon snack with them. Main dishes on the menu: pasta, rice, beans and pizza. Fish and meat are cooked a couple of times a week. The food is quite varied and very tasty. They do not prepare only dairy dishes and soups in kindergartens, because they are not considered mandatory for the children’s diet. And parents do not need to worry about organizing the child’s birthday; the kindergarten organizes everything itself.

Creativity is encouraged

In kindergarten, the child will not be overloaded, but he will always be busy. The curriculum consists of simple goals for the month: distinguish colors, learn parts human body, learn to put on your shoes yourself. Children dance a lot, play, run around in the gym, and also do various crafts. The creative process is encouraged, but the child does everything himself; parents are not involved in this process. And there are no competitions yet best crafts. In older groups, English, music and dance lessons are added.

Mandatory vaccinations

You won't be able to get into kindergarten without vaccinations. Mandatory vaccinations only ten: from polio, diphtheria, tetanus, hepatitis B, whooping cough, Haemophilus influenzae, measles, rubella, mumps and chickenpox. It seems to me that this is the main advantage of the Italian system.

Parents Committee

Once a year, two representatives are selected from each group to parent committee. They organize holidays and trips. And no one is raising any money for new floors or repairs; they just hold charity fairs a couple of times a year, the proceeds from which go to the needs of the kindergarten. It’s also not customary to give teachers expensive gifts, except perhaps symbolic little things.

Agree, there are very important differences. There are pros and cons, but we have a lot to learn. Sometimes even the little things can be important.

Education in Italy can hardly be called the best in Europe, but this country attracts those who plan to connect their lives with creative specialties, such as art and design. If you plan to study in a private school in Italy, then the logical decision would also be to send your child to an Italian kindergarten for immersion in the language environment and smooth adaptation to local educational traditions.

How is preschool education organized in Italy?

Preschool education in Italy consists of two levels. The first of them is called Asilo Nido. These are local nurseries that accept children from three months to three years. Most often these are short-term stay groups for half a day - from 9:30 to 13:00. Full-day education for this age group is offered mainly in private kindergartens.

There are not enough places in nurseries in modern Italy. This is due to the fact that the country has a very strong tradition of raising children at home, but recently women are quite often forced to go to work for financial reasons. Children of low-income parents have a priority right to a place in a nursery - in order to take advantage of this, you need to write a special application to the municipality.

In the nursery, children only play. The main emphasis is on social adaptation and development of basic self-care skills. There are no special classes.

The second stage of preschool education in Italy is called Scuola Materna and is intended for children from 3 to 6 years old. Even though learning remains entirely play-based, children still learn here. Priority areas for the development of students are determined by the country’s Ministry of Education and include familiarity with the outside world and social development, physical and creative development, classes in the native and (in some institutions) foreign languages.

Religious education plays an important role in Italian preschool education. Every week a special teacher works with the children and introduces them to religion. However, these classes are not mandatory and at the beginning of each year, parents sign a consent for their child to attend them.

There are usually at least 16 children in a group of a state scuola materna. For this number there is one teacher and one assistant. For all three years of their stay in the kindergarten, there is one teacher with a group of children who loves them very much. Raising your voice at students is unacceptable; you can only distract them from dangerous things and play with them.

The groups are of different ages - children from three to six years old study together. This is done so that brothers and sisters of the same age can go to the same group, so as not to upset them by the inability to see each other during the day. To conduct classes for students of different ages They are seated at different tables.

Most often, gardens are open until 16:00 without napping. There are a small number of extended day groups until 19:00. Children in the kindergartens are fed lunch. Which is prepared at special food plants. Parents can provide their child with breakfast and an extra snack.

How much does preschool education cost in Italy?

If a child goes to a state kindergarten, then attendance will be free, but meals and monthly excursions must be paid separately. The usual amount is up to 100 euros monthly and is recalculated if the child for some reason did not go to kindergarten for a certain number of days.

In private kindergartens the fee is up to 300 euros per month. This amount is fixed and is not recalculated in case of illness of the baby or for other reasons. The price usually includes sports and music lessons, and in many gardens swimming and English classes.

Trying to solve the problem of lack of places in preschool institutions, Italians are also actively opening family or home kindergartens. This type of institution will cost parents a little less than standard private ones, but still significantly more expensive than public kindergartens.

Kindergartens as a shortcut to private schools in Italy

Attending kindergarten is not mandatory by law. And yet more than 90% of children attend them. This is done, among other things, because upon admission to good school The question will definitely be asked whether the child attended kindergarten. Socialization in Italy is considered one of the most important components of preschool development.