The problem of payment and indexation of pensions is becoming more acute every day. Officials are coming up with more and more new ways to plug holes in the country's budget during a crisis. What awaits retirees who are already receiving a pension in 2018? This will be discussed in the article.
Current situation
The demographic situation in the country is such that there are about 43 million pensioners out of 83 million working-age population. It is this ratio – 1.9:1 – that explains Pension fund a persistent lack of funds to provide a decent standard of living for older people.
It is precisely the meager state provision, which is sometimes not enough even for food, that forces citizens to work after the attack. retirement age(in Russia this is 55 years for women, and 60 for men). According to the legislation of the Russian Federation, such people have the right to continue working, receiving a full pension.
However, in recent years government officials introduced . Thus, for working elderly citizens, the indexation of payments by 4% was canceled with the wording “to stimulate citizens.” It is clear that older people should give up jobs to young people, but the majority of old people do not go to work because they are bored and mopey at home.
And recently there have been persistent rumors that working pensioners will no longer receive benefits at all. Fortunately, they were not confirmed. The government plans to deprive state benefits of those elderly citizens who have an annual total income of 1.2 million rubles, that is, they receive a monthly salary of at least 100 thousand rubles. And there are about 220,000 such people in the country.
On the one hand, everything seems to be correct - these funds are quite enough for a dignified old age. But on the other hand, these people honestly earned their pension, and there is no reason to deprive them of their rightful money.
Prospects for receiving a pension
Those categories of citizens whose salaries are lower do not have to worry - they will continue to receive their pension. However . Its application is possible only in case of dismissal of an employee due to retirement.
The employee reached retirement age in 2016, but he continued his work. In this case, he receives the required funds without indexation. But in 2018, this employee decides to exercise his right and retires. From this moment on, he will receive benefits, taking into account the changes that have taken place during his work. If he decides to get a job again, his pension will remain the same and will not be reduced.
In 2018, we can hardly expect a recalculation of pensions for working citizens. As the President of the Russian Federation said, the Cabinet of Ministers will be able to discuss this issue only after summing up the economic results of 2016.
Increasing the retirement age
What we definitely cannot avoid is raising the retirement age. In Russia, this figure is one of the lowest among all countries of the former USSR, not to mention Europe and the USA. In these regions, the minimum retirement age is 65 years, regardless of gender. In Germany, Iceland and Norway it reaches 67 years, and in Denmark – 69.
In Russia, this very unpopular reform will occur gradually - the retirement age will not be increased immediately. This process will take place gradually - 6 months will be added per year. The end result will be the retirement date:
- for women – 63 years old,
- for men – 65 years.
Example for clarity
A man is planning to retire at the age of 60. But this period has already increased. In this case, he does not need to work another 5 years until he is 65. He will work only six months - until he is 60.5 years old. Those who planned to retire next year will retire at 61, and a year later at 61.5. And so on.
It will grow up to 20 years. Currently it is 7 years.
How to survive as a pensioner during a crisis
Unfortunately, older people often have to find a solution to the problem of lack of funds. In this case, we can advise the following:
- explore everything benefits provided and actively use them;
- find additional income - many grandmothers knit free time and sell their products to neighbors and friends; some make beautiful artificial flowers. Some help young parents by taking their child from kindergarten or schools - recently this service has been very popular due to the high percentage of divorces in families. There are many similar examples that can be thought of;
- take advantage of bonus offers from retail chains, purchasing food products at low prices;
- monitor the family budget, carefully recording and analyzing all income and expenses. It may be that avoiding some expenses will not cause significant harm.
Few people know what else our legislators will come up with in the near future. The population can only closely monitor all changes, influencing the course of events as far as possible.
In the spring of 2018, the Government announced the start new pension reform in Russia, which began to be implemented already in 2019 and will last until 2024. The first stage of the next reform will be up to 65/60 years for men and women. This law was passed and signed by President V. Putin on October 3, 2018
The need to once again reform pension legislation.
- Attempts to revive the old structure of the Russian pension system (including the adoption in 2013 of new laws on pensions, which came into force on January 1, 2015) failed, primarily due to a new wave of the financial and economic crisis and the fall in world oil prices.
- The government managed to stabilize the consequences only by 2017 - including through pensions for working pensioners, which were unpopular among the population, etc.
What will change?
The changes currently being discussed will radically affect all the main components of the pension system. The main issues that will be resolved during this reform include the following:
It is known which of the changes will come into force in 2019, and which projects will be implemented later only partially. Raising the retirement age and changes in the appointment system began in 2019. On other issues, the relevant ministries and departments do not yet have a common position, so the specific content of the pension reform not announced yet.
Reasons for the new pension reform
The issue of the need for changes in the pension system has been discussed by the authorities for quite some time. And so on May 8, 2018, in his speech to State Duma deputies, Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev moved from discussions to concrete actions (first of all, in the most hot issue raising the retirement age).
The Government justifies the need for changes, first of all, by the changed social and economic situation in the country. Some of the most important reasons for the new pension reform include the following:
- The life expectancy of Russians has changed. At the time the current retirement dates were established in the USSR (upon reaching the age of 55 for women and 60 for men) average duration The life of citizens was a little over 40 years. For 2018, the projected average life expectancy of Russians will be 72.9 years.
Payment of funded pension - changes in 2019
According to the old pension legislation (namely, Article 6 of Law No. 424 of December 28, 2013), it was established that citizens of the Russian Federation have the right to receive funds from the funded part of the pension (NCP), have reached retirement age. Amendments to the law on raising the retirement age, which were introduced by United Russia deputies, stipulate that after the pension reform, payment of the funded part of the pension Can still be issued at 55/60 years(according to old age standards).
In addition, from January 1, 2019, funded pensions will be increased to 252 months(for comparison, for 2018 this parameter was approved in the amount of 246 months, i.e. in 2019 it is proposed to increase its value by 6 months). This parameter directly affects the size of the increase that is paid to the pensioner monthly from his pension savings. The amount of this monthly surcharge is determined by the formula:
NP = PN / T,
where respectively:
- PN - total pension savings by the time of retirement;
- T is the period of payment of the funded pension (the same payment period in months).
Consequently, if the expected payment period is increased, the amount of the monthly additional payment from pension savings will become less. The corresponding bill, prepared by the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation, is already undergoing public discussion. These changes are justified by statistical data on the so-called “survival period of Russians” (life expectancy after retirement) - 16.46 years for men and 26.14 for women.
It is worth noting that if the law is adopted, the adjustments will affect only those who make monthly payments from the funded part of the pension in 2019.
IPC - voluntary savings system
In addition, the Government plans abolish the mandatory savings system altogether, operating in Russia since 2002, replacing it with a system of voluntary pension savings. This means that the moratorium on the formation of a funded pension, adopted in 2014 and since then extended annually, will no longer be lifted (this option is no longer being considered). In fact, it is planned to abandon this format of savings altogether, replacing them with voluntary savings - individual pension capital ().
Before the adoption of the moratorium in 2014, the pension system was based on the fact that compulsory pension insurance (22% of salary) was transferred by employers to the Pension Fund and, at the request of the employee, could be distributed as follows:
- 16% for formation (including, which is formed due to the so-called solidary part of the tariff - 6%) and 6% for;
- all 22% are only for the formation of an insurance pension without the formation of pension savings.
Since 2014, after the introduction of a moratorium, all Russians have compulsory insurance contributions only for the formation of an insurance pension (clause 1), and the influx of money into the funded pension system frozen.
The new voluntary savings system (VSS) implies that the employee will additionally transfer part of his salary (from 0% to 6%) to form his pension capital. It is planned to connect a citizen to the new system voluntarily - upon the application of the employee, in which he will independently indicate what percentage of his earnings he is willing to additionally deduct in the form of contributions.
It is worth noting that when the IPC program was introduced, the current accumulative system will be canceled. Pension savings Russians who are in NPFs will be automatically transferred to (that is, credited to the pension capital). If a citizen’s savings are in the Pension Fund, then they can be:
- transferred to and sent for the insurance part of the pension;
- either within transition period(it is assumed that this will be 2 years) it will be possible for existing savings to also be directed to the formation of pension capital.
The unstable economic situation in the country, which has persisted for many years, has a significant impact on pensioners. Next year they will experience many interesting changes that will help improve their standard of living.
In particular, this concerns the increase in the retirement age and other issues that will occur in the process of reforming the pension system.
What will working pensioners receive in 2019?
The most sensational change that will happen to pensioners in the coming year is the increase in the retirement age, which allows you to apply for insurance pension. According to the authorities, this measure will help improve the labor market, where there is a shortage of workers, and reduce the burden on the country’s economy, because every year the number of pensioners who are difficult to support is increasing.
There is a pattern here - the more pensioners there are in the country, the more expenses are spent on them.
Note!
The retirement age indicators that have been in place for a long time in Russia (55 years for women and 60 years for men) are among the lowest in the world.
It is worth recalling that at first the authorities planned to raise the retirement age for women to 63 years and for men to 65. But later they decided to make some changes, after which women will retire at 60 years of age, and men 5 years later. Ahead of schedule Only mothers with many children can retire.
What changes await working pensioners
In order for the innovations to be fully implemented, the authorities have provided for a transition period, during which the retirement age will be raised by one year each year. It will start in 2019 and end in 2028.
There will be a special regime for all citizens who will retire. Vladimir Putin proposes to introduce such a concept - “pre-retirement age”. This will include all people who have 5 years left before retirement.
It turns out that the change will affect that category of the population that this year will not exceed 55 years for women and 60 years for men.
The innovations will not apply to the following category of pensioners:
- who retires earlier than scheduled;
- who works in harmful and difficult working conditions;
- who have health problems due to man-made disasters
- who took part in testing various equipment.
Will pensions for working pensioners be indexed?
Starting next year, the law on the procedure for assigning pension payments will come into effect. It was said above that starting next year the retirement age will increase, but at the same time, the authorities are going to increase the size of the pension.
Recently, the issue of indexation of pensions worries everyone, not only current pensioners, but also people of pre-retirement age.
Carrying out indexation and recalculation of pensions according to new rules
In recent years, pensions have been indexed based on the inflation rate of the past year. In this case, the increase in money was within 5%. The new law adopted a new method of indexing.
According to the new law, the increase in pension will be increased. This is the first time the increase will exceed expected inflation. The country's authorities noted that the increase will be 1,000 rubles.
Note!
In 2016, with an inflation rate of 12.9%, the increase in the insurance pension was only 4%. In January 2017, all pensioners received a one-time payment of 5 thousand rubles, which compensated for partial indexation of the previous 12 months.
Each pensioner will have his or her own increase. If the size of his pension is large, then the increase will also be large.
Pension indexation schedule
It is worth recalling that pension recalculation occurred once a year - in February. The increase in pension payments took place in April. According to the new resolution, the procedure for increasing benefits will be as follows:
- the pension amount will be increased once a year;
- The pension recalculation date will be January 1.
This schedule was approved by the authorities for 6 years in advance. Thus, the first indexation of pensions will take place in January 2019. It turns out that pensioners will receive an increase a month earlier than usual.
The increase in pension payments from February 1 was justified by the fact that the Federal State Statistics Service publishes information on price increases for the previous month only at the beginning of the next month. As for the annual inflation rate, it is known already in the last days of December, and in the first days of January it is only being clarified. Based on the experience of past years, December and January data completely coincide. Therefore, it is quite acceptable to index pensions at the beginning of each financial year, that is, from January 1.
Already from January 1, there will be an increase in labor pensions for non-working pensioners (old age, disability and loss of a breadwinner) by 3.7 percent. This indexation will be carried out one month earlier than usual, since the Government has decided to index these types of pension payments above the inflation rate, which in 2017 was at a record low level (less than 3%).
Attention
The moratorium on indexation of pensions in 2018 will be maintained - that is, employed citizens who are already retired will be able to count only for recalculation from August 1 based on accrued pension points for the previous year. They will be able to receive all the indexation missed during the moratorium.
Photo pixabay.com
In addition to the indexation of pension payments, in 2018 also in the basics of pension provision Russian citizens, which will affect the conditions for retirement upon reaching retirement age and the formation of pension rights of working citizens. Another question that concerns pensioners in connection with the onset of the new year is whether there will be one (alas, but no - this time there will be no such payment).
Indexation of pensions in 2018
According to the provisions of Law No. 400-FZ of December 28, 2013, insurance (labor) pensions of citizens must be indexed annually from February 1 to the inflation level of the previous year, and if the Pension Fund has additional financial resources, indexation is carried out again on April 1. But the new year is traditional indexing order labor pensions will change: their increase will occur 1 month earlier - already.
Social pensions and other social payments made by the Pension Fund, will be promoted as usual to the actual level of price growth for 2017:
At the same time, an increase in insurance pensions. Let us recall that the indexation of pensions for working citizens was suspended in 2016 due to the difficult economic situation in the country. This freeze helped save the state 12 billion rubles. However, all missed indexations must be compensated to the citizen already.
Pension increase from January 1, 2018 (latest news)
In accordance with the law adopted by the State Duma on December 15, 2017 (introduced by the Government as bill No. 274624-7) on changing the procedure for indexing insurance pensions in 2018 all types of pensions (old age, disability, survivors) should increase from January 1, 2018 by 3.7%. The previous procedure for increasing labor pensions is suspended until the beginning of 2019, and this increase does not apply to working pensioners (see the text of the law below).
It should be borne in mind that any insurance pension consists of two parts:
- fixed payment(or FV) is a constant value guaranteed by the state (for all categories of recipients it is set in a fixed amount);
- directly insurance part- this is an individual calculated value, which depends on the number of pension points earned during work.
January indexation will affect both parts of the pension as follows:
- The fixed payment will be increased by 3.7% and will remain unchanged 4982 rubles 90 kopecks, its increase or decrease is legally established for individual categories citizens by Law No. 400-FZ of December 28, 2013;
- The insurance part of the pension directly depends on the points earned by the pensioner, the cost of which will increase from January 1 by 3.7% and amount to 81 ruble 49 kopecks.
Attention
In 2017, actual inflation in the country was recorded at no more than 3%. Consequently, the increase in pensions proposed by the Government by 1.037 times in 2018 formally covers the increase in consumer prices (although, of course, in its absolute value this increase will be very small - the increase will be even less than in previous years).
Increase in social payments to pensioners in 2018 from February 1
From February 1, 2018, there will also be an increase (indexation) of all social payments of the Pension Fund provided for various categories of citizens (disabled people, veterans, heroes of Russia, etc.). They are provided in the form of monthly cash payments (MCP), an integral part of which is also a set social services(NSU).
In general, NSU consists of three parts (medicines, travel and sanatorium treatment) and is provided at the choice of the pensioner in one of two ways:
- in kind (that is, directly by social services);
- in monetary terms when refusing natural food.
The cost of a set of such services (each part separately) is determined by law and increases in direct proportion to the growth of the monthly payment (MAP) - i.e. by the same percentage. In 2018, this increase is planned at a level of less than 3%, so beneficiaries will hardly feel such an increase. The preliminary values of EDV and NSU in 2018 can be found in the table.
Attention
Thus, from February 1, 2018, it is planned to index social payments (including a set of social services) to the actual inflation level of last year. In the draft Government resolution, this value was fixed at 3.2%, but actual inflation will be less than 3%, so the increase will be even smaller (the same applies to child benefits in 2018).
Indexation of social pension in 2018 from April 1 by 4.1%
A social pension is a special type of pension, which is characterized by the pensioner’s lack of work experience for some reason. Such a pension is assigned in a fixed amount approved by law. And, as a rule, the size of social pensions is significantly lower than the calculated labor (insurance) pensions.
It should be noted that in the last two years there has been a decrease in the established growth rates of social pensions. So in April 2017, this type of pension was indexed by only 1.5%. In 2018, it is planned to reach the usual (pre-crisis) increase in the level of this type of pension provision - the projected growth of social pensions in April 2018 will be approximately 4.1%.
Unlike labor pensions, indexation of social pensions is tied to change living wage pensioner for the previous year. Therefore, the amount of indexation of insurance and social pensions for the same year may differ (although in both cases it is associated with actual increase in consumer prices).Thus, one of the positive changes in 2018 is a more noticeable increase in the cost of living (LS) in the country, including separately by region. At the same time, the established PM allows all non-working pensioners to receive additional payments (the so-called social supplements up to the subsistence level- federal and regional), if the size of their pensions is lower than the approved values.
Attention
According to the law, the level of a citizen’s pension should always be not lower than the subsistence level in the region, in which he lives (hence the seemingly strange statements of the Government that “There are no low-income pensioners in Russia”- they all receive pensions in combination with other social benefits in an amount not less than the monthly minimum wage.
Since 2010, pension applications have already included a section on receiving social supplement. If your pension was assigned before 2010, and you did not submit a separate application for an additional payment, and the pension amount is below the established subsistence level in the region, then you must independently contact the territorial bodies of the Pension Fund.
Pension increase in 2018 in Russia for working pensioners
The laws adopted in the State Duma do not provide for any changes for the working population receiving pensions for 2018. This means that working pensioners will continue to receive pension amounts without annual indexation.
Let us recall that the indexation of pensions was stopped in February 2016 for those citizens who continue to work, having exercised their right to pension provision. The Government’s plans included not indexing pensions for working Russians up to 2019.This moratorium on pension indexation operates as follows:
- Those citizens who retired before February 1, 2016 and retained workplace, have remained without an increase in their pensions since February 2016.
- Citizens who became pensioners after February 1, 2016, when calculating individual pension coefficient(IPC) the calculation takes into account all increases that took place on the date the right to a pension arose.
- If you continue to work and simultaneously receive a pension, all subsequent indexations from the date of employment will again not be applied.
Attention
Working pensioners have the right to increase their pension only through annual recalculation according to the employer. From August 1 of each year, the pensions of such citizens increase by the number of points taken into account in the previous year for the period of labor activity and payment of insurance contributions during this period. But no more than 3 points per year!
An example of how working pensioners will recalculate pension indexation in the Pension Fund
A woman born on May 1, 1962, retired in 2017 within the period established by law and continues to work. What indexations will be taken into account when determining the size of the pension? And from what time will the pension stop being indexed?
The calculation of the pension for this woman will be made on the date May 1, 2017. When calculating the IPC, all approved pension growth indices will be taken into account, starting from 2015 to 05/01/2017.
- The cost of one pension coefficient will be taken as of 05/01/2017 - this is 78.58 rubles.
- The fixed payment included in the insurance pension will be taken into account taking into account indexation as of May 1, 2017 and is equal to 4805.11 rubles.
Further, subject to continued performance of paid work, all subsequent indexations of singing after appointment will be suspended. Those. the indexation carried out will no longer be applied to this woman’s pension. And this will continue until she quits her job or is fired by her employer.
Indexation of pension after dismissal of a working pensioner in 2018
In 2017, a law was passed according to which the period for recalculating pensions after dismissal was changed. In 2018, working pensioners will be able to receive a pension with all missing indexes from the next month after dismissal. At the same time, the pensioner himself will not need to additionally apply to the Pension Fund, since this recalculation is entirely based on the monthly reporting of employers!
Previously, after leaving work, the pensioner received a recalculation of the pension received, taking into account all indexations in three months:
- the first month is the submission of reports to employers to the Pension Fund about citizens working in the organization;
- the second month - data on the fact of work was loaded into a single software package operating nationwide;
- the third is the adoption by the territorial body of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation of a decision on recalculation.
Attention
For citizens who stopped working in 2018, the period for calculating pensions is reduced, taking into account indexations missed during work. This will be possible after entry into force from January 1, 2018 Federal Law No. 134-FZ of July 1, 2017.
However, the process of additional accrual of missed increases will be the same for technical reasons will also take several months. But after this, when paying an already recalculated pension after 3 months, an additional payment will be made for the entire period following dismissal.
This innovation applies only to those who have been laid off. after January 1, 2018. If a pensioner quit, for example, in December 2017, then the indexation of his pension will be carried out only from April 1, 2018 - without additional payment for the period from January to March (in other words, these months will be lost).
Photo pixabay.com Latest news and latest changes in pensions
As has already become clear, the increase in pensions in the new year for most categories of pensioners (barely noticeable) or, as for the large category of working pensioners -. But in the new year demands will increase to already formed pension rights and the level of wages of Russian citizens for retirement:
No other significant changes are expected in the Russian pension system in 2018. In particular, the amount expected by many in the amount of 5,000 rubles will not be paid in 2018- this was a one-time, one-time additional payment, which was due to all pensioners in January 2017 in return for the additional indexation required by law that was missed in 2016 (and there is simply no reason to pay it in 2018).
Attention
And one of the few truly good news for Russians is that no decision has yet been made on what is relevant for those who are still working or planning to retire (including men born in 1958 and women born in 1963).
Will there be a one-time payment of 5,000 rubles to pensioners in 2018?
At the beginning of 2017, recipients of all types of pensions, regardless of the fact of work, received an additional payment of 5,000 rubles. This measure was necessary in the current economically unstable situation.
Against the backdrop of a high level of inflation and the impossibility of carrying out additional indexation of pensions, in 2016 a decision was made to make a one-time payment to citizens’ pensions (Law No. 385-FZ of November 22, 2016). Thus, the pensions of Russians were “conditionally re-indexed”, many of whom perceived this simply as a New Year’s gift.
Currently, according to the Government, the economic situation in the country is normalizing. Over the past 12 months, the increase in consumer prices (inflation) does not exceed 3%, and pensions in 2017 rose in total according to two indexations by 5.78%.
The upcoming indexation of 3.7%, planned for January 2018, exceeds the inflation rate for 2017. Therefore, no additional one-time payments (5 thousand rubles or any other) will be made besides!Will there be an increase in the retirement age in 2018 (latest news)
In the last few years, the most discussed and acute issue for Russians is question of increasing the retirement age. In many other countries, including post-Soviet ones, corresponding decisions have already been made and are being implemented.
- For example, from January 2017 in Belarus the retirement age will be increased annually by six months until women reach 58 years and men 63 years. In Kazakhstan, the same values apply - for women at 58 years old, for men at 63 years old.
- In many developed countries, such as Germany, men become pensioners at 65 years old, and women at 60 years old.
- In Ukraine, the Verkhovna Rada adopted a law on pension reform, which also included an increase in the current retirement age.
Attention
Now this issue has come to a head in Russia. According to the Government, it is primarily due to the fact that the working age in the country is increasing - i.e. About a third of Russians already stop working later than retirement.
However, due to the great unpopularity of this measure, the Russian Government has not yet made a final decision on extending the retirement age (although many consider this issue resolved and note that it will most likely begin to be implemented after the next presidential elections, which will be held in March 2018 - but for now these are just rumors).
How many points and work experience do you need to retire in 2018?
Since 2015, a point system for calculating labor (insurance) pensions for citizens has been in effect, in which insurance premiums paid to the Pension Fund by the employer for its employees are transferred from rubles to relative values (points). The amount of contributions taken into account for the year is correlated with the maximum accountable amount of contributions approved by the Government, which corresponds to 10 pension points(this is the maximum that can be received in one year).
But in order to obtain the right to retire in old age within the generally established time limits, it is necessary to comply three mandatory conditions:
- reaching the legal age;
- availability of insurance (work) experience;
- the presence of an established value of the individual pension coefficient (IPC) or, in other words, the size of pension points.
It should be noted that this only applies to old age pensions! Other types of pensions for compulsory pension insurance (disability, survivors) are appointed independently on the length of work (insurance) experience and the number of points received.
Attention
Since 2018 prerequisite to assign a pension upon reaching retirement age (currently 55 years for women and 60 years for men) is the availability 9 years of experience and 13.8 points individual pension coefficient (IPC).
An example of calculating pension points from 2015 to 2018
For a man born in 1965, he has an official salary before income tax (NDFL) of 30,000 rubles (accordingly, annual earnings are 360,000 rubles). Let’s assume that this citizen’s salary has never increased since 2015. At the same time, deductions are not made for him to the funded part of the pension, since he was born before 1967. Thus, the employer pays insurance premiums for this man to an individual personal account in the amount of 16% of earnings before personal income tax - that is, 16% × 360,000 = 57,600 rubles per year. Let's calculate how many points this man has earned since 2015, when the new pension formula came into effect.
Every year the Government approves for these purposes the so-called salary cap, the amount of mandatory contributions from which to the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation to a citizen’s individual personal account is 16%. Thus, the maximum established salary in the country from 2015 to 2018 is the following values (see table below).
In 2018, the insurance base for contributions to the Pension Fund will amount to 1,021,000 rubles according to Government Decree No. 1378 dated November 15, 2017. Then maximum size insurance premiums taken into account for the year, taken for 10 points, will be 163,360 rubles (an increase compared to 2017 by almost 17%).
Attention
Therefore, every ruble earned in 2018 will “depreciate” when transferred to pension points relative to 2017 by immediately 1 - (1 / 1.17) = 15%, and relative to the level of 2015 - by more than 30! Therefore, it is not enough to have only a constant high salary to form decent pension rights. So that their volume does not decrease from year to year, according to the new pension formula salary must grow by at least 10% per year(see table above).
Let's return to our example. To convert monthly earnings of 30,000 rubles into points, you need to correlate the salary data (taking 16% of annual earnings, which in the example under consideration will be 57,600 rubles per year) to the established limit values and multiply by 10:
- 57600 / 113760 × 10 = 5.06 points earned by a citizen in 2015;
- 57600 / 127360 × 10 = 4.52 points in 2016;
- 57600 / 140160 × 10 = 4.11 points in 2017;
- 57600 / 163360 × 10 = 3.53 points will be earned in 2018.
In January 2019, a law raising the retirement age came into force in Russia. This information became the most discussed news of the year. Many compatriots do not understand the goals of changing the age indicators for applying for a pension and the procedure for carrying out innovations. Let's try to understand the key aspects.
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Changes in 2019-2020
Starting in January 2019, the sequence of taking earned leave has changed for the vast majority of Russians. According to the bill adopted by State Duma deputies, men will continue to work until they are 65, while women will rest only at 60. Let us note that in his televised address, the president of the country promised to adjust the ongoing reform, lowering the age criterion for the female half of the population by three years. And in the end, the law was adopted with presidential amendments, for which all deputies voted unanimously.
As a result, the new pension threshold will be reached by 2028 and will remain at this level in the future.
Changes in retirement age
For greater clarity, we present a table where we demonstrate how the retirement age will change in the near future.
| Year | Retirement age | |
| Men | Women | |
| 2019 | 60,5 | 55,5 |
| 2020 | 60,5 | 55,5 |
| 2021 | 61,5 | 56,5 |
| 2022 | 61,5 | 56,5 |
| 2024 | 63 | 58 |
Who will be affected by the pension reform?
Let's start with the fact that citizens who are already on pensions will receive the payments due to them in full. This rule applies to previously assigned social benefits and paid benefits. The only thing that pensioners will notice is an increase in monthly payments, and this growth, according to the government, should for the first time exceed the rate of inflation.
The adjustments made to the pension maintenance procedure will mainly affect citizens of pre-retirement age who will retire 5 years later. This will be especially noticeable by Russians who do not have insurance period and they apply for social benefits. Here the age increase will be quite noticeable. In particular, men will be able to apply for such provision after their 70th birthday, and women - when they reach the age of 65.
The need for pension reform
There are two justifications for raising the age limit: key points: economic and demographic component.
Economic points
These words were indirectly confirmed by Dmitry Medvedev, who promised pensioners an average increase of 1,000 rubles annually.
In fact, Pension Fund employees have already stated that the real parameters of pension growth will vary depending on the initial size of the recipient’s pension. A 1000 rub. — this is the expected average increase in pensions over 1 year
Do you need information on this issue? and our lawyers will contact you shortly.
Demographic problems
If we consider the reform through the prism of demographic trends, then the key motive is to increase the length of life among the population. According to Rosstat, men began to live longer by 8.5 years, women - by 5.4 years. However, such longevity destabilizes the pension system as a whole. For example, in the mid-70s there were an average of 3.7 workers per pensioner. Today this ratio has decreased by almost 1.5 times.
It should be noted that here is an approximate ratio of the number of pensioners and the working population of the country. If we take into account the fact that many citizens are engaged in freelancing and do not make insurance contributions, the real figures will be noticeably lower: approximately 1.3 working citizens for every pensioner.
Raising the age limit
It was mentioned above that raising the age limit will be carried out gradually, and in general this transition will cover a 10-year period: completion is planned for 2028, when the established age will be raised for the majority of citizens.
However, until this happens, for many people it remains unclear when exactly they should apply for a pension. The first stage of the reform will affect men born in 1959 and women born in 1964. To make the example clearer, we present tables where we will demonstrate who and when to apply for a pension.
Table 1
Men |
||
| Year of birth | Year of application for pension | |
| 1959 (first half) | 2019 (second half of the year) | 60.6 |
| 1959 (second half) | 2020 (first half of the year) | 60.6 |
| 1960 (first half) | 2021 (second half of the year) | 61.6 |
| 1960 (second half) | 2022 (first half of the year) | 61.6 |
| 1961 | 2024 | 63 |
| 1962 | 2026 | 64 |
| 1963 | 2028 | 65 |
Table 2
Women |
||
| Year of birth | Year of application for pension | Full years at the time of application |
| 1964 (first half) | 2019 (second half of the year) | 55.6 |
| 1964 (second half) | 2020 (first half of the year) | 55.6 |
| 1965 (first half) | 2021 (second half of the year) | 56.6 |
| 1965 (second half) | 2022 (first half of the year) | 56.6 |
| 1966 | 2024 | 58 |
| 1967 | 2026 | 59 |
| 1968 | 2028 | 60 |
Are exceptions allowed?
This possibility is indeed expected. The ongoing reform will not affect enterprise personnel involved in potentially hazardous production. These include:
- “hot grid” and underground work;
- locomotive crews;
- textile industry (only for women, subject to hard work and increased production intensity);
- geological exploration, parties of geophysical, hydrological and other research groups working in the field, including forest management work;
- river and navy, except for ships performing tasks within waters;
- mining industry;
- flight and engineering personnel of civil airlines;
- work with convicts in penitentiary institutions;
- operators of agricultural tractors, road construction and lifting special equipment (women only);
- employees of logging enterprises, including repair teams;
- composition of emergency rescue teams.
In addition, the reforms will not affect socially vulnerable segments of the population. In particular:
- who gave birth to 5 or more children. And for those who gave birth to 3-4 children and raised them up to 8 years of age, concessions are also provided in the form of the opportunity to retire at 57 and 56 years old, respectively, but with the required insurance period;
- parents, guardians involvedraising disabled childrenuntil the last person reaches 8 years of age;
- women who have given birth to more than two children, with “northern” experience;
- received a disability group in military service;
- visually impaired people with confirmed group 1;
- persons suffering from pituitary dwarfism (Lilliputians) and disproportionate dwarfs;
- citizens living in Far North or regions with similar climatic conditions,engaged in traditional activities - reindeer herding, hunting, fishing. As for the rest of the northerners, the age limits for themalso moved, now these persons will be able to apply for a pension at 55 and 60 years old, respectively - women and men);
- victims of man-made accidents;
- , including testers of airborne and aerospace equipment.
A complete list of categories of citizens who will not be affected by the pension reform can be found
In addition, apply for a pension and lump sum payments According to the old age criteria, people who have chosen the funded pension option will be able to.
Pension reform for civil servants
For this management level, the raising of the age threshold was indicated back in 2017. According to the accepted norm, for municipal employees, regional and state officials, increases are introduced gradually, in six-month increments. This will continue until the bar is reached at 63 and 65 years old, for women and men respectively.
Starting from 2020, the threshold will be raised proportionately: by 12 months every year. As a result, the increase in the age of civil servants will occur in parallel with the general pension reform.
If the pension is due early
The introduced changes will also affect “early-term workers”, who have the right to apply for a pension before the deadlines established by law. Let's consider the main provisions.
Special experience
The term “special experience” denotes a certain work activity under special working conditions or for representatives of certain professions. After the transition to the new rails of pension reform, special experience will remain for:
- citizens working in the Far North or areas with similar climatic conditions;
- creative workers;
- health workers.
Today, special experience varies between 15-30 years. However, despite the absence of changes, for the listed categories it is planned to gradually postpone the deadlines for applying for a pension.
In particular, the year in which the above persons complete special service will be fixed, and an “early” pension will be assigned after a certain period of time. In 2019-2028 the actual period for applying for a pension will be postponed by 1-5 years. Those who have completed their special experience in 2028 and later will have a real opportunity to apply for an insurance pension 5 years from the date of completion of this experience.
What to expect
Taking into account generally accepted requirements for special work experience, the retirement age for citizens working in the Far North and similar territories will be gradually extended by 5 years. In particular, men will be able to apply for a salary at 60 years of age, women - at 55.
A different procedure is provided for medical staff, teachers and representatives of creative professions. In particular, for this category of citizens the deadline for obtaining a pension will be delayed by 5 years. For example, after the special service required for retirement has been completed, it is registered, and the right to receive a pension appears after a specified period.
For example, teachers need 25 years of service in children's institutions, regardless of their age and gender. If a teacher completes the required length of service in 2021, then in fact he will be granted a pension only after 3 years, i.e. in 2024.
Who should
New "premature" will become:
- women and men who worked 37 years and 42 years respectively- 2 years earlier than others, but not earlier than turning 55 and 60 years old, respectively;
- mothers of many children who gave birth and raised three and four children -at 57 and 56 years old, respectively;
unemployed people of pre-retirement age who cannot find a job for reasons beyond their control - at 58 and 63.
Important! Despite the raising of the age, the right to receive social benefits for pensioners will not be reviewed or changed yet. In particular, it will be possible to receive the benefits at 55 and 60 years of age.
When can you apply for a social pension?
“Social benefits” are available to citizens who have not been officially employed and do not have the necessary length of service to qualify for an insurance pension. Before the adoption of the reformation law, such people could apply for a pension 5 years later than their working compatriots.
In 2019-2020, this trend will continue, but the age for receiving social benefits will also be increased. Now women who do not have the required number of years of insurance experience will be able to apply for a pension after reaching the age of 65, men - after 70 years.
As for social benefits for disabled people, such pensions will be issued as before.
How to determine your retirement date yourself
To do this, you need to consider the following factors:
- age;
- work experience;
- profession;
- benefits.
It should be taken into account that for the first two years after the reform, citizens have the right to preferential retirement six months earlier than planned. For example, this right can be used by men who need to retire in 2021-2022. These citizens were born in 1960, so they will be able to retire as early as 61.5 years old. However, if such a citizen has a work experience exceeding 42 years, then the assignment of a pension, taking into account benefits, will occur at the age of 60.
What awaits beneficiaries
We indicated above that there are certain categories of citizens that will not be affected by a general increase in the retirement age. This will affect workers involved in heavy and dangerous production, as well as certain categories of “early workers” who received this right based on medical or social indicators.
In addition, rural residents who worked in agriculture for at least 30 years received a special privilege in the form of a 25% pension supplement.
How will payments be indexed?
The government promised that after the reform, the average pension in the country would be increased by 1,000 rubles. This figure was announced by Dmitry Medvedev, and Tamara Golikova also mentioned this amount in her interview. However, it remains unclear to future and current pensioners how exactly pension indexation will occur.
It has already been stated that indexation will be carried out annually in January only until 2024.
Per year or per month
We are talking about a monthly increase in pensions, but not by 1,000 rubles, and not for everyone. In particular, according to current legislation, indexation is carried out annually from January 1. In 2019, indexation was 7.05%.
In subsequent years of the next five-year period, indexation is planned in smaller amounts and also in percentage terms in the range of 5.5-6.6%
A reasonable question arises: if indexation indicators vary so much, where does that very announced increase of 1000 come from? The answer is simple: as always, average data were assumed.
If we take the average size of payments by region, which is 14,000 rubles, as the initial value, then the monthly increase will be about 1,000 rubles, which was announced by officials from the government apparatus.
However, if you read the explanations of representatives of the Government of the Russian Federation in more detail, then the increase is still promised not monthly, but annually. Which is more logical and plausible, since it has already been stated that insurance age pensions for non-workers will be indexed once a year in January. Thus, it turns out that the increase in pensions will hypothetically occur annually: at the beginning of each year and over the next 12 months, citizens’ pensions will not increase. This means that the actual monthly increase in pension will be on average 83.3 rubles.
That is, the actual increase will not only be monthly, but annual, but also not in fixed size, but as a percentage of the recipient’s original pension amount. And here a new round of social injustice awaits current pensioners: the increase will be greater for those who previously received a larger pension. And those whose pension is initially smaller will be able to count on only a minimal increase.
Thus, if a person received a minimum pension, which in the Russian Federation as a whole is now at the level of 8,726 rubles, then his increase in 2019 was correspondingly 615 rubles. 18.3 kopecks and he whole year received a pension in the amount of 9,341.183 rubles. Further in 2020 the increase will be 615 rubles. 51.8 kopecks The pension will be 9,956,701 rubles. In 2021, the increase will be 627 rubles. 27 kopecks and the pension will be at the level of 10.583.97 rubles. In 2022, the increase is 613.87 rubles, the pension is 11,172, 84 rubles. In 2023, the increase is 614.51 rubles, the pension is 11,787.35. In 2024, the increase is 636.52 rubles, the pension is 12.423, 87 rubles.
The real increase in pensions in this specific example will be only 3,697.87 rubles for the entire reformation indexed period.
If a person initially receives a pension less than the federal or regional subsistence minimum (by the way, the federal one, as of mid-2018, is 8,726 rubles), then his pension in any case is brought up to the level of the subsistence minimum in the whole country and region of residence . And because the actual indexing for such people will be even less than in the example above, it will still be in most cases less than the PM. This means that such a pension will still be brought up to the PM level and, in fact, no changes to the pension in real monetary terms will occur. Everything will happen only “on paper”.
This means that in reality, only those non-working pensioners who have already been assigned an old-age insurance pension - with an amount of 14 thousand 300 rubles - will receive a tangible increase close to the figures announced by the Government of the Russian Federation.
Who is entitled to
Recipients of such an increase will only be those pensioners who are already receiving an insurance pension and are not working (at least officially). This means that people receiving social pensions, including state pensions, will not be affected by the January indexation.
For everyone who receives old-age insurance pension payments, payments are indexed in January. Let us clarify once again that the size of the increase will depend on the actual size of payments at the time of indexation. For example, if a citizen receives an average pension of 14,000 rubles, then taking into account the indexation of 7.05%, he will receive 980 rubles more. The increase will be a one-time increase, but the pension of 14,980 rubles will be paid until the next indexation.
If a citizen receives a pension of 10,000 rubles, his increase will be 700 rubles; if the pension benefit is 20,000 rubles, an additional payment of 1,400 rubles is due.
Annual increase of 12,000 rubles per year
This figure was also announced, which introduced even more misunderstanding into the indexation of pensions and the increase in payments. Let us note that pensioners whose salary amount is equal to the average pension in the country - 14,000 rubles - can count on an annual total increase of 12,000 rubles. Citizens who receive 10,000 rubles will receive a total increase of 8,400 rubles.
Let us clarify that we are not talking about one-time payments. The annual increase in pensions will be achieved by increasing the monthly payment.
Moreover, in fact, the government announced that by the end of the reform (transition period) the average increase in pensions will reach 12,000 rubles. That is, the indicated increase should most likely be expected as a result of the pension reform after 2028.
The planned indexation has already been announced for most of the reformation period - 2019-2025. In 2019, SPK and fixed pension payment increased by 7.05%, to 87.24 and 5.334 rubles. In 2020, these same indicators are planned to increase by 6.6%, in 2021 - by 6.3%, in 2022 - by 5.9%, in 2023 - by 5.6%, in 2024 - by 5, 5%. It is these figures that should ensure annual pension growth above hypothetical inflation and bringing average pensions to 20,000 rubles. by the end of the specified 6-year period. Thus, the above conclusions were made absolutely correctly.
What awaits working pensioners
This category of citizens will not be affected by pension indexation. As it was before, the size of pensions will be recalculated taking into account all increases only when the citizen officially stops working.
