Slide 1
HISTORY OF THE COSTUME The work was carried out by the master of the training center “Seamstress” of the MAOU interschool educational center in the village of Nikel, Pechenga district, Murmansk region Natalya Aleksandrovna KorovinaSlide 2
Goal: to introduce students to the history of fashion. Lesson objectives: Educational: to give an idea of the history of fashion development and changing styles, to develop a desire to deepen knowledge. Developmental: broaden horizons; develop personal self-education. Educational: to form positive motivation for the subject; cultivate aesthetic taste. Equipment: workbooks, computer, multimedia projector, presentation “History of Costume”.
Slide 3
PROGRESS OF THE LESSON Organizational moment New material Consolidation of new material Conclusion
Slide 4
The history of the development of clothing and everyday practice convince us that in the art of dressing people, everyone should be an artist, from famous fashion designers to ordinary performers. Without understanding the artistic task, it is impossible to achieve success, even with excellent command of such necessary special knowledge as design and technology. You can cultivate an artist within yourself if, firstly, you sincerely want to; secondly, to accumulate knowledge - erudition and horizons never hurt. Thirdly, approach all knowledge creatively - compare, select, combine. It is generally accepted that fashion, like a bright butterfly, lives one day at a time. She appeared, turned heads - and then she was gone. However, this would be too simple, and fashion does not recognize one-line simplicity. Every time there are circumstances that cause the need for change and contribute to the emergence of a new fashion.
Slide 5
Clothing appeared in ancient times as a means of protection from unfavorable climate, from insect bites, wild animals while hunting, from blows from enemies in battle and, no less important, as a means of protection from evil forces. We can get some idea of what clothing was like in the primitive era not only from archaeological data, but also from information about the clothing and lifestyle of primitive tribes who still live on Earth in some inaccessible areas and far from modern civilization: in Africa, Central and South America, Polynesia.
Slide 6
The emergence of clothing and fashion Clothing is one of the oldest inventions of man. Already in the monuments of the late Paleolithic, stone scrapers and bone needles were discovered, which were used for processing and stitching skins. The materials for clothing, in addition to skins, were leaves, grass, and tree bark (for example, Tapa among the inhabitants of Oceania). Hunters and fishermen used fish skins, sea lion intestines and other sea animals, and bird skins. Clothing is one of the oldest inventions of man. Already in the monuments of the late Paleolithic, stone scrapers and bone needles were discovered, which were used for processing and stitching skins. The materials for clothing, in addition to skins, were leaves, grass, and tree bark (for example, Tapa among the inhabitants of Oceania). Hunters and fishermen used fish skins, sea lion intestines and other sea animals, and bird skins.
Slide 7
The first clothes consisted of simple pants, tunics and cloaks, decorated with beads made of painted stones, teeth, and shells. They also wore fur shoes tied with leather laces. Animals provided skin instead of fabric, sinew instead of thread, and bone instead of needles. Clothing made from animal skins protected against cold and rain and allowed primitive people to live in the far north.
Slide 8
Animal skins are still the most important material for making clothing, but a great invention was the use of sheared (plucked, selected) animal hair. Both nomadic pastoral and sedentary agricultural peoples used wool. It is likely that the oldest method of processing wool was felting. Ancient Sumerians in the third millennium BC. wore felt clothes. Many items made of felt (hats, clothes, blankets, carpets, shoes, cart decorations) were found in Scythian burials in the Pazyryk mounds of the Altai Mountains (VI-V centuries BC). Felt was obtained from sheep, goat, camel wool, yak wool, horse hair, etc. Felting felt was especially widespread among the nomadic peoples of Eurasia, for whom it also served as a material for making dwellings (for example, yurts among the Kazakhs). Among those peoples who were engaged in gathering and then became farmers, clothing was known from specially processed bark of bread, mulberry or fig trees. Among some peoples of Africa, Indonesia and Polynesia, such bark fabric is called “tapa” and is decorated with multi-colored patterns using paint applied with special stamps.
Slide 9
Having learned the art of spinning and weaving in the Neolithic era, man initially used fibers from wild plants. The transition to cattle breeding and agriculture that took place in the Neolithic made it possible to use the hair of domestic animals and fibers of cultivated plants (flax, hemp, cotton) for the manufacture of fabrics. Various plant fibers were also used to make clothing. They were first used to weave baskets, canopies, nets, snares, ropes, and then a simple weaving of stems, bast fibers or fur strips turned into weaving. Weaving required a long, thin and uniform thread, twisted from various fibers. During the Neolithic era, a great invention appeared - the spindle (the principle of its operation - twisting fibers - is preserved in modern spinning machines). Spinning was the occupation of women, who also made clothes. Therefore, among many peoples, the spindle was a symbol of a woman and her role as the mistress of the house.
Slide 10
Weaving was also the work of women, and only with the development of commodity production did it become the lot of male artisans. The loom was formed from a weaving frame on which the warp threads were pulled, through which the weft threads were then passed using a shuttle. In ancient times, three types of primitive weaving looms were known: 1. A vertical loom with one wooden beam (beam) hanging between two posts, in which the thread tension was ensured using clay weights suspended from the warp threads (the ancient Greeks had similar looms). 2. A horizontal machine with two fixed bars, between which the base was tensioned. It was used to weave fabric of a strictly defined size (the ancient Egyptians had such looms). 3. Machine with rotating beam shafts. Fabrics were made from banana bast, hemp and nettle fibers, flax, wool, silk - depending on the region, climate and traditions.
Slide 11
Slide 12
The clothing of Ancient Greece had five distinctive features: regularity, organization, proportionality, symmetry, and expediency. In ancient culture, the human body was first viewed as a mirror reflecting the unity and perfection of the world. Roman architect Marcus Vitruvius Pollio, 25 BC. uh, using an example human body sought to show the features of any perfect creation created by man.
Slide 13
The dress was not cut according to the fashion canons of that time. Greek clothing did not know a tailored suit, in the modern sense of the word. This time was characterized by the identification of the plastic properties of fabrics in the complex rhythms of draperies. Rectangular pieces of fabric, fastened in some places with clasps, did not emphasize the shape of the body, which was slightly visible under the clothes. These robes were called differently: chiton, himation, toga, tunic.
Slide 14
Already in ancient times, colors had their own symbolic meaning; so, for example, white was reserved for the aristocracy, and black, purple, dark green and gray expressed sadness. Green and brown colors were common flowers of villagers. Aristocrats had in their wardrobe belts made of precious metals, pins made of gold and ivory, necklaces, and bracelets. This testifies not only to the refined taste, but also to the technical maturity of that era.
Slide 15
Slide 16
It consisted of emphasizing vertical lines in clothing. The dress of medieval women had a very high waistline, an elongated neckline, narrow long sleeves, a skirt gathered in pleats, usually on one side only. The skirt widened downwards and turned into a long train.
Slide 17
The most expressive was the decoration of the head with cone-shaped “hats”, which resembled the towers of a Gothic cathedral. Men wore a short jacket and tight-fitting pants that outlined their figure. Pointed-toe shoes completed the outfit. Flashy clothes of that era were made of brocade, cloth, and expensive velvet, which were complemented with embroidery and furs.
Slide 18
Slide 19
Renaissance fashion originated in Italy, the cradle of the Renaissance. This style is characterized by a monumental figure. Women's clothing becomes wide and comfortable, exposing the neck and arms. Renaissance fashion, as its theorists said, first of all, had to be rich. And this wealth was manifested not only in expensive fabrics and patterns, but also in the design of the sleeves. The narrow, elegant sleeve of a 15th-century Renaissance dress, first at the elbows and then at the armhole, was cut.
Slide 20
Probably this capricious detail can be explained by the requirement of time to devote special attention dexterity, mobility. For the first time during this period, women's clothing began to be strictly divided into patterns. long skirt and a bodice, often laced. Women's dresses were pulled tightly over a metal corset and a tight petticoat with metal hoops.
Slide 21
The men's suit was stylized as a knight's costume. But the medieval knight was replaced by a gentleman in a court dress made of satin, brocade, and velvet. Men's short pants were stuffed with cotton wool, tow, and straw. Rigid lace collars deeply protected the neck. These clothes were not particularly comfortable. Shoes begin to be made from leather, decorated with pearls, ribbons, laces and buckles.
Slide 22
Slide 23
Baroque clothing was characterized by complexity and layers. The women's outfit was distinguished by a contrast of shapes: a thin, slender figure was combined with a fluffy domed skirt. Bodices began to be laced. Sleeves play a prominent role in the clothing; they are complemented by cuffs with lace in the form of a bag, which reach almost to the elbow. Women's dress got rid of the wide skirts on the hoops, the lines became softer and smoother.
Slide 24
For men, Spanish, short, puffy trousers in the shape of tubes lengthened below the knees, and along with them, shoes changed. High military boots, often above the knees, elongated in the form of a bag, were filled with lace. Gentlemen wear long curly hair, a soft flat felt hat decorated with feathers, and a cloak. Both men and women use lace for their clothing. Jewelry is now much less popular than before. However, in general, the clothing of that time is in many ways simpler than the clothing of previous eras.
Slide 25
Slide 26
This was a period when mass production of clothing and specialized trade fashion accessories are gaining momentum. From this time on, the word crinoline became known in England. It was then that it took the form of a gathered, domed skirt, the shape of which was supported by numerous petticoats. Making them, mostly by hand, took an infinite amount of time.
Slide 27
With improvement sewing machines artificial crinoline appeared. Rococo clothing has not undergone major changes compared to Baroque clothing. Only the lines became even more sophisticatedly elegant.
Slide 28
Slide 29
A logical transition of all tendencies inclined towards classicism towards antiquity is taking place. Women's fashion accepted the cult of antiquity almost unconditionally. Cleavage is exposed. New style characterized by strict lines, clarity of proportions, simplicity of forms.
Slide 30
Slide 31
Released female body from the corset. The dress is light transparent, made of airy muslin and cambric fabrics, it fit tightly around the waist under the bust, emphasizing the natural slimness of the figure. The shape of the head is emphasized by smoothly combed hair, parted in the middle, which was placed in a net or braided. The only decoration was the curls. Jewelry in the form of cameos, necklaces, and chokers are of great interest. Caps and hats of various shapes are worn on the head.
Slide 32
During this period, men's suits were simplified; good tailoring and elegance became the main requirement, rather than splendor and luxury. The tailcoat, as a rule, was usually dark in color. The shirts have high collars and a tie that “supports the head in a proper, dignified position.” The day suit was complemented by a top hat. Shoes are low, flat, without heels.
Slide 33
Slide 34
We find ourselves in an era when the “decay of styles” begins. Crinoline appears again in the dress - the hips increase to unprecedented sizes, under curvaceous The dress almost hides the body. Corsets are again required to emphasize the waist. To make the optical impression of a thin waist even greater, the sleeves were widened. They were so large that their corresponding “swollen appearance” had to be supported by whalebone. They become interested in jewelry again; Products made of pearls, necklaces, brooches, and decorative combs were very popular. Hats, similar in shape to caps, were decorated with flowers, ribbons and flounces. A very open neck allows one to “highlight” the head, and then complex hairstyles began to be used again. They were very skillful, often resembling, for example, decorative architecture. STORY COSTUME
A
The work was carried out by a foreman
profile "Seamstress"
MAOU interschool educational center
Nikel village, Pechenga district, Murmansk region
Korovina Natalia Alexandrovna Goal: to introduce students to the history of fashion.
Lesson objectives:
Educational: give an idea about
history of fashion development and changing styles,
develop a desire to deepen knowledge.
Developmental: broaden horizons; develop
personal self-education.
Educational: form
positive motivation for the subject;
cultivate aesthetic taste.
Equipment: workbooks, computer,
multimedia projector, presentation
“The History of Costume.”
PROGRESS OF THE LESSON
1.2.
3.
4.
Organizational moment
New material
Consolidating new material
Conclusion History of clothing development and daily practice
convinced that in the art of dressing people as an artist
there should be everyone, from famous fashion designers to
ordinary performers. Without artistic understanding
tasks cannot be achieved even if you have excellent command of
such necessary specialized knowledge as
design, technology. Cultivate the artist within you
you can, if, firstly, you sincerely want; secondly,
accumulate knowledge - erudition and outlook never
will interfere. Thirdly, approach all knowledge creatively, compare, select, and combine.
It is generally accepted that fashion lives like a bright butterfly
one day. She appeared, turned heads - and then she was gone. However
it would be too simple, but fashion does not recognize
single-line
simplicity.
Every
once
exist
circumstances that create the need for change and
contribute to the emergence of new fashion. Clothes appeared in ancient times as
means of protection against unfavorable climate, from
insect bites, wild animals on the hunt, from blows
enemies in battle and, no less important, as a means
protection from evil forces. About what the clothes were like
primitive era, we can make up some
presentation not only on archaeological
data, but also on the basis of information about clothing and
way of life of primitive tribes, still
living on Earth in some inaccessible and
areas far from modern civilization: in
Africa, Central and South America, Polynesia.
The emergence of clothing and fashion
Clothing -Clothingone of the oldest
- one of
inventions
the oldest human beings.
inventions
Already in
monuments
person. late
Already in monuments
Paleolithic
discovered
late stone scrapers
Paleolithic
And
bone
discovered
needles, stone
served
scrapers
For
processing
and bone
and needles,
stitching
served
skins
Material
for processing
for clothes,
and stitching
except
skins,
skins were
Material
leaves,
for clothes,
grass,
woody
except for skins,
bark were
(For example,
leaves, tapa
grass,
at
residents
woody
Oceania).
bark (eg.
Hunters
Tapa
And
fishermen
used by residents
Oceania). Hunters
fish
skin,
and guts
fishermen
sea lion and used
other marine
animals,
fish skin,
avian
guts
skins.
Steller sea lion, etc.
sea animals, birds
skins. First clothes
consisted of simple
pants, tunics and raincoats,
decorated with beads from
painted
pebbles,
teeth, shells. Worn
also fur shoes,
tied with leather
laces.
Animals
gave the skin instead
tissue, tendon instead
thread and bones instead
needles
Cloth,
made from skins from
animals, protected from
cold and rain and
allowed the primitive
people live far away
north. Animal skins are still the most important material
for making clothes, but still a great invention was
use of sheared (plucked, selected) wool
animals. Both nomadic pastoralists and sedentary agriculturalists
peoples used wool. Probably in the most ancient way
wool processing was felting. Ancient Sumerians in the third
millennium BC wore felt clothes.
Many items made of felt (hats, clothes,
blankets, carpets, shoes, cart decorations) found in Scythian
burials in the Pazyryk mounds of the Altai Mountains (VI-V centuries BC
AD). Felt was obtained from sheep, goat, camel wool,
yak wool, horsehair, etc. Felting is especially widespread
was common among the nomadic peoples of Eurasia, among whom it
also served as material for making dwellings (for example, yurts near
Kazakhs).
Among those peoples who were engaged in gathering, and then
became farmers, clothes made from specially
processed bark of bread, mulberry or fig trees. U
some peoples of Africa, Indonesia and Polynesia such fabric is made from
bark is called "tapa" and is decorated with colorful patterns with
using paint applied with special stamps. Having learned in the Neolithic era the art of spinning and
weaving, man used the original fibers
wild plants. The transition that took place in the Neolithic
cattle breeding and agriculture allowed to be used for
making fabrics from pet hair and fibers
cultivated plants (flax, hemp, cotton).
Various types of clothes were also used to make clothes.
plant fibers. They were first used to weave baskets, canopies,
nets, snares, ropes, and then a simple interweaving of stems,
bast fibers or fur strips turned into
weaving. Weaving required a long, thin and
a thread of uniform thickness, twisted from various fibers.
During the Neolithic era a great invention appeared -
spindle (the principle of its action is twisting of fibers -
remains in modern spinning machines).
Spinning was the occupation of women who
making clothes. Therefore, many peoples have a spindle
was a symbol of a woman and her role as the mistress of the house. Weaving was also the work of women, and only with
the development of commodity production it became
destiny
male craftsmen.
Weaving
the machine was formed on the basis of a frame for
weaving, onto which the warp threads were pulled,
through which with the help of a shuttle then
skipped the weft threads. In ancient times it was
three types of primitive weaving are known
machines:
1. Vertical machine with one wooden
beam (beam) hanging between two
racks in which the thread tension
was provided with the help of suspended
warp threads of clay weights (similar
The ancient Greeks had machine tools).
2. Horizontal machine with two fixed
fixed beams, between which
the base was stretched. Fabric was woven on it
strictly defined size (such machines
were among the ancient Egyptians).
3. Machine with rotating beam shafts.
The fabrics were made from banana bast,
hemp and nettle fibers, flax, wool,
silk - depending on the region, climate
and traditions. The clothing of Ancient Greece has
five
distinctive
Features:
pattern,
organization,
proportionality,
symmetry,
expediency.
In ancient culture the body
person
for the first time
became
treated like a mirror
reflective
unity
And
perfection of the world. Roman
architect
Mark
Vitruvius
Pollio, 25 BC uh, using an example
human body strived
show the features of any
perfect
creations,
created by man. According to the fashion canons of that time
the dress was not cut. Tailored
suit, in the modern sense of it
words, Greek clothing did not know. For
This time is characterized by the identification
plastic properties of fabrics in
complex
rhythms
draperies.
Rectangular
pieces
fabrics,
fastened in some places
fasteners, did not emphasize the shapes
body, slightly visible under
clothes. These robes were called differently: chiton, himation, toga,
tunic. Already in ancient times colors
had
yours
symbolic
meaning; so, for example, white
color
was
secured
for
aristocracy,
A
black,
purple, dark green and
gray - expressed sadness. Green
and there were brown colors
ordinary rural flowers
residents. Aristocrats had
his
wardrobe
belts
from
precious metals, pins
chryselephantine,
necklaces,
bracelets.
This
indicates not only
sophisticated
taste,
But
And
technical maturity of that era. consisted of underlining
vertical
lines
V
clothes.
Dress
medieval
women
had a very high line
waist, extended neckline
shapes,
narrow
long
sleeves, a gathered skirt
folds are usually only with
one
sides.
Skirt
expanded
downwards
And
passed
V
long
train The most expressive
there was a head decoration
cone-shaped
"hats"
which
reminded
towers
Gothic
cathedral
Men wore short
jacket, tight pants,
outlining the figure.
The outfit was complemented by a pointed nose
shoes. Toy's flashy clothes
eras were sewn from brocade,
cloth, expensive velvet,
which
were supplemented
embroidery and furs.
Renaissance
Renaissance fashion originated inItaly - the cradle of an era
Renaissance. For this style
characteristic
monumentality
figures.
Women's
cloth
becomes wide and comfortable,
are exposed
neck
And
hands.
Renaissance fashion, as they said
its theorists, first of all,
should have been rich. And this
wealth manifested itself not only
in expensive fabrics and patterns, but
also in the design of sleeves.
Narrow
elegant
sleeve
Renaissance dress of the 15th century,
first on the elbows, and then in
armhole, was cut. Probably this capricious
detail can be explained
time requirement
special attention to dexterity,
mobility. For the first time this
period women's clothing became
strictly divide the pattern into
long skirt and bodice, often
laced.
Women's
dresses were pulled tight over
metal
corset
And
tight petticoat with
metal hoops. The men's suit was
suit style
knight. But medieval
the knight was replaced by a gentleman
courtier
dress
from
satin,
brocade,
velvet.
Short pants men
stuffed themselves with cotton wool, tow,
straw.
Hard
lace
collars
deeply protected the neck.
This clothing is not comfortable
was different. Shoes are starting
sew from leather, decorate
pearls,
ribbons,
laces and buckles.
Baroque
Baroque clothingcharacterized by complexity
and multi-layering. Outfit
women were distinguished by contrast
shape: thin slender figure
combined
With
lush
domed skirt. Bodices
began to lace up. Visible
Sleeves play a role in clothing
they are complemented by cuffs with
lace in the form of a bag,
which reached almost the elbow.
Women's dress got rid of
wide skirts with hoops,
the lines became softer and
smooth. Men have Spanish, short, puffy trousers in the form of tubes
lengthened below the knees, and along with them, the shoes changed.
High military boots, often above the knees, elongated in the form
bag filled with lace. Gentlemen wear long
curly hair, a soft flat felt hat,
decorated with feathers, and a cloak. Lace is used for its
clothes for both men and women. Jewels now
are much less popular than before.
However, in general the clothes
it was much simpler back then
clothes of previous eras. This was the period when
massive
production
clothes
And
specialized trade
fashionable
accessories
acquire
big
scope From this time on
England became aware of the word
crinoline. That's when he
represents
yourself
gathered
domed skirt, shape
which
supported
numerous lower
skirts Making them according to
mostly by hand,
required infinitely much
time. With improvement
sewing
cars
artificial appeared
crinoline. Clothes style
did not undergo rococo
strong changes in
compared to clothes
Baroque style. Only
the lines have become even more
exquisitely elegant.
Classicism
Donelogical
transition
everyone
inclined
To
classicism of trends
to antiquity. Women's
fashion has taken on a cult
antiquity
almost
unconditionally.
Cleavage is exposed.
New
style
characterized
severity
lines,
clarity of proportions,
simplicity of forms. Freed the female body from
corset.
Dress
lung
transparent,
from
air
muslin and cambric fabrics
fit tightly around the waist
breasts
emphasizing
natural slim figure.
The shape of the head is emphasized
smooth
combed
hair,
separated
in the middle
parted, which were laid
in a net or braided.
The only decoration was
curls. Jewelry in the form
cameos, necklaces, chokers cause
great interest. Worn on the head
caps and hats of various types
forms During this period
simplified
men's
suits,
main
requirement
steel
good
cut
And
elegance,
A
Not
splendor and luxury.
The tailcoat, as a rule, was
usually dark colors. U
shirts
–
high
collars
And
tie,
which
“props up
head
according to
proper, worthy
provisions."
Day
costume
supplemented
cylinder. Shoes are low,
flat, without heels.
Romanticism
We find ourselves in an era when it comes“collapse of styles.” Back in the dress
appears
crinoline
–
hips
grow to unprecedented sizes,
body under the curvaceous dress
almost hiding. For underlining
waists again require corsets. To
optical impression of a thin waist
was even larger, expanded
sleeves They were so big that they
corresponding
"inflated
view"
necessary
was
support
whalebone. Getting carried away again
jewelry;
big
products were popular
from
pearls,
necklaces,
brooches,
decorative combs. Hats, close
in shape to the cap, decorated with flowers,
ribbons and flounces. Very open
the neck allows you to “highlight” the head, and
then they began to use complex ones again
hairstyles They were very skillful
often
reminding
For example,
decorative architecture. IN winter period coat
replaced by coats - shaped
dresses made of thick wool
fabrics. They wore it over the dress
only
wide
drape.
Length
skirts
decreased,
so the shoe became visible
more high heels with
lacing. Men's suit
becomes more reserved. TO
tailcoat
rely
long
trousers, an indispensable top hat and
tie, which must be tied
now even more is being given
attention.
Upper
cloth,
coat, tailored to fit. On
feet
wore
low shoes,
high
boots.
The most
became a big cry of fashion
frock coats. Swift
changing dress shapes from
lung,
semi-adjacent
To
heavy, dense, with
puffy sleeves, with
bustles,
which
visually enlarged
lower torso.
Requirement
conservative
fashion
was
stylized
woman
–
flower,
woman
salons,
theaters, this woman,
still tied up in a corset. On the other side
begins
present
movement
against
corsets,
supporters
whom they talked about
harmfulness and sought
prohibit its wearing. IN
late XIX fashion creates
a new type of clothing with
skirt
bell-bottom
And
“ham-shaped”
sleeves, helping
creating clothes in style
modern
(giving
figure
“S-shape”
form).
Fashionable clothing of the 20th century
Punks
Reinforcing the material covered What is fashion?(“Fashion” - translated from Latin for us means
temporary predominance of certain tastes)
Do you think fashion has always been there or
arose one day?
(It would not be a mistake to believe that it has existed for so long
the same as humanity itself. Studying history
costume, it must be remembered that this is part of the story in
in the broadest sense.)
What are the people who work on the
creating models?
What famous fashion designers do you know?
Literature used
1. Melnikova L.V. "Textile Processing"textbook for students in grades 9-10, M.,
1986.
2. Kaminskaya N.M., “History of costume”, M.,
1986.
3. Kolyadich E.K., “World history of costume,
fashion and style”, Education, 1999.
4. Orlova L.V., “The ABC of Fashion”, M.,
Enlightenment, 1989.
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Slide captions:
CLOTH
CLOTHING – A COLLECTION OF ITEMS COVERING THE BODY. People wear clothes to protect their bodies and to be attractive. By the way a person is dressed, you can find out where he lives, what his lifestyle is and much more.
CLOTHING BY SEASON: winter can be worn in winter; summer can be worn in summer; demi-season can be worn in spring and autumn
Summer Winter Demi-season
CLOTHING by purpose P HOLIDAY HOME SPORTS EVERYDAY
WOMEN'S CLOTHING
EVERYDAY SKIRT SUNDRESS BLOUSE
HOLIDAY DRESS
HOME ROBE nightgown
MEN'S CLOTHING
CASUAL SHIRT JEANS
HOLIDAY SUIT PANTS JACKET
HOME ROBE pajamas
EVERYDAY
HOLIDAY
HOME
SPORTS KIMANO TRACKSUIT TRACK DRESS T-SHIRT AND SHORTS
NATIONAL
SPECIAL SCHOOL UNIFORMS for children
SPECIAL CLOTHING FOR THE WORK OF DOCTOR AND NURSE COOK
WORK CLOTHING serves to protect clothing and the human body from damage and contamination during work.
UNIFORM WORK CLOTHES FOR PILOTS AND STEWARDESSES AND TRAIN CONDUCTORS
POLICE FIREFIGHTER UNIFORM
MILITARY UNIFORM
FIND THE EXTRA. WHY?
FIND THE EXTRA. WHY?
CLOTHING CARE WASHING DRYING IRONING CLEANING STORAGE
Before washing, look at the label on the clothing.
WASH HAND WASH MACHINE WASHABLE
FOR WASHING: WASHING POWDER LIQUID SOAP CONDITIONER STAIN REMOVER SOAP
Before ironing, look at the label on the clothing.
Set the temperature on the regulator in accordance with the recommendation on the clothing label.
BRUSH CLEANING Clothes brushes Steam roller brush
CLOTHES STORAGE WARDROBE Chest of drawers
Storage cases for large items of clothing.
Resources used IMAGES FROM SEARCH SERVERS: YANDEX, GOOGLE
On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes
Purpose and types of clothing. Measuring a person's figure and recording measurements to create a drawing of apron patterns.
The first lesson in the section "Designing and modeling an apron." In design lessons sewing products Students develop the ability to construct, correctly design, understand and read lines...
Makovetskaya Svetlana
This presentation was developed by a student studying in the specialty “Modeling and design of garments” on the topic: “Russian folk costume" The presentation reveals the history of Russian folk women's and men's suit, its decor, shows a modern stylization of Russian costume. Therefore, it is recommended to use it when studying the topic: “Art and Costume of Russia” in the discipline “History of Styles in Costume”.
Electronic presentation slides allow you to explain and reinforce the material being studied specifically figurative means clarity: slides with photographs are valuable media objects when getting acquainted with the external characteristic features of Russian costume. This contributes to the formation of visual thinking in students: they allow not only to look at visual images, but also to see what is embedded in the images. An important means of organizing the perception of information material is color design. Color, as it were, guides the “living contemplation” of information, which allows students to learn to determine visually the historical affiliation of a costume that reflects the aesthetic ideals of the era by its appearance (silhouette, proportions, design belts, artistic features, etc.).
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Completed by: Makovetskaya Svetlana, student of group 328 KTLP, under the guidance of Boon E.V.
History of Russian folk costume The Russian national clothes- centuries-old history. Its general character, which had developed in the everyday life of many generations, corresponded appearance, way of life, geographical location and the nature of the work of the people.
Russian folk clothing varied: By purpose Festive Everyday Wedding or wedding Mourning
By age. Youth clothing Children's clothing Clothing of old peasants
As a rule, it was not the cut and type of clothing that changed, but its color and amount of decor (embroidered and woven patterns). At all times in Rus', clothes made of red fabric were considered the most elegant. The concepts of “red” and “beautiful” were unambiguous in the popular imagination.
Decor Patterned weaving, embroidery, and printed material were used to decorate household fabrics. The most common elements of ornaments: rhombuses, oblique crosses, octagonal stars, rosettes, fir trees, bushes, stylized figures of a woman, bird, horse, deer.
The patterns, woven and embroidered, are made with linen, hemp, silk and wool threads, dyed with vegetable dyes, giving muted shades. The range of colors is multicolored: white, red, blue, black, brown, yellow, green.
Men's costume The costume of the peasant of Kievan Rus consisted of ports and a shirt made of homespun canvas.
Shirt Since the fabric was narrow (up to 60 cm), the shirt was cut out from separate parts, which were then sewn together. The seams were decorated with decorative red edging. Shirts were worn untucked and belted with a narrow belt or colored cord. The color of the main fabric was, as a rule, bright.
Ports Ports were sewn narrow, narrowed down to the ankle, and tied at the waist with a cord - a gashnik. On top of them, wealthy people also wore outer silk or cloth trousers, sometimes lined. At the bottom they were tucked either into onuchi - pieces of fabric that were used to wrap the legs, tying them with special ties - frills, and then put on bast shoes, or into boots made of colored leather.
Outerwear Outerwear a zipun or caftan made of homespun cloth, wrapped on the left side, fastened with hooks or buttons; in winter – sheepskin head coat
Zipun Zipun is a swinging garment with a semi-fitting, widened silhouette with a butt fastener. Its length was from the middle of the knees and above. The sleeves are narrow, reaching to the wrist. The armhole was straight, the sleeve did not have a collar.
Kaftan The kaftan, worn over a zipun, differed not only in decoration, but also in design. Some kaftans (regular, home, weekend) had a straight, wider silhouette and were not cut off at the waist. Others featured a fitted silhouette with a cropped waistline and a wide, gathered hem. The length of the caftan varied from knees to ankles. To decorate them, buttonholes were used on the chest and along the side slits, metal, wood, wicker and cord, and made from artificial pearls buttons.
Women's costume The main parts of women's folk costume were a shirt, an apron or curtain, a sundress, a poneva, a bib, and a shushpan.
Women's shirt The women's shirt was made of white linen or colored silk and worn with a belt. It was long, down to the feet, with long sleeves gathered at the bottom, with a slit at the neckline, and at the bottom of the sleeves it was decorated with embroidery or trimmed with a strip of finishing fabric. The embroidery was a complex multi-figure composition with a large pattern, reaching a width of 30 cm. They were located at the bottom of the product. Each part of the shirt had its own traditional ornamental design.
Apron The most decorative, richly decorated part of both northern and southern Russian costume was the apron, or curtain, covering the female figure from the front. Usually it was made of canvas and decorated with embroidery and silk patterned ribbons. The edge of the apron was decorated with teeth, white or colored lace, fringe made of silk or woolen threads, and frills of different widths.
Sundress Northern peasants wore linen white shirts and aprons with sundresses. In the XVIII - first half of the XIX century. sundresses were made from plain, unpatterned fabric - blue canvas, calico, red dye, black homespun wool. The multi-patterned and multi-colored embroidery of shirts and aprons really benefited from the dark, smooth background of the sundress. The slanted cut of the sundress had several options. The most common was a sundress with a seam in the middle of the front, trimmed with patterns of ribbons, tinsel lace and a vertical row of a truncated cone silhouette with a large expansion towards the bottom (up to 6 m), giving the figure a slender look.
A slanted sundress, decorated with a colored stripe and tin buttons, is the basis of a girl’s costume in the Moscow province of the 19th century. Peasant women of the Oryol province wore: a homespun canvas shirt with entirely embroidered patterned sleeves; ornate apron curtain; blue checkered blanket with colored stripes and patterned braid along the hem; headdress - “gathered” - with a scarf on top. Sundress
Poneva By design, Poneva consists of three to five panels of fabric sewn along the edge. The upper edge is widely folded for a lace (gashnika) fastened at the waist. The latter was sometimes worn “with a tucked hem.” In this case, it was decorated from the inside out.
Outerwear women's clothing there was a cuff - an overlay cape like an amice made of rough colored canvas, not sewn on the sides. The cufflink was sewn shorter than the shirt. They wore it with a belt and pinned it at the bottom. Zapona
Dushegreya A short, swinging outer garment was a dushegreya, which was held in the same way as a sundress, on shoulder straps. The shelves of the soul warmer were straight, the back was covered with tubular tucks, and at the top there was a figured cutout with a cape, to which straps were sewn. Soul warmers were worn over a sundress, sewn from expensive patterned fabrics and trimmed along the edge with a decorative border. Being an original part of national clothing, the soul warmer has repeatedly returned to fashion.
Letnik The outer garment, worn mainly by wealthy Russian women, was the letnik. It had a straight cut, expanded at the bottom due to side wedges up to 4 m. The special feature of the flyer is wide bell-shaped sleeves, sewn from the armhole to the elbow. Below, they loosely twisted sharp-angled panels of fabric down to the floor, which were decorated with stitches - triangular pieces of satin or velvet, embroidered with gold, pearls, metal plaques, and silk. The same stitches were sewn to the collar and lowered to the chest. The letnik was also decorated with a beaver collar necklace, usually tinted black to emphasize the whiteness and blush of the face.
Fur coat A type of letnik was an overhead fur coat, which differed from it in the cut of the sleeves. The sleeves of the fur coat were long and narrow. A slit was made along the armhole line for threading the arms through.
Telogreya Telogreya resembled a fur coat in its silhouette, shape of details, and fabrics; it was an open garment with buttons or ties.
Headdress In Russian folk costume, ancient headdresses and the custom itself have been preserved for a married woman to hide her hair, while for girls it was left uncovered. This determines the shape of a woman’s headdress in the form of a closed cap and a girl’s headdress in the form of a hoop or headband.
Kokoshniks, “assemblies”, various headbands and crowns are widespread. Married woman They usually covered their hair with a thin or silk mesh. The povoinik consisted of the bottom of a band, which was tied tightly at the back. A white or red linen or silk headdress was worn over it. It had the shape of a rectangle 2 m long and 40-50 cm wide. One end of it was embroidered with a colored silk pattern and hung over the shoulder. Others had their heads tied and pinned under the chin. The ubrus could also have a triangular shape, in which case both ends were chipped off under the chin. On top, rich women also wore a hat with a fur trim. Bandage Magpie Collection
Shoes Women's shoes There were forged ankle boots, which were trimmed at the top with red cloth or morocco, as well as bast shoes with onuches and frills. Jewelry Pearl, beaded, amber, coral necklaces, pendants, beads, and earrings were used as decoration.
Russian costume of the 19th century. At the end of the 19th century. In folk clothing, along with factory fabrics, forms of urban costume are gradually being established, more uniform and standardized. Sundresses, ponevas and shirts are being replaced by the so-called couple - a fitted jacket and a flared skirt made of the same fabric. It has traditions folk clothes oozing with the demands of urban fashion.
The jacket is sewn with a stand-up collar, a lace insert on the chest and puffy sleeves; wide skirt - sometimes with a frill at the hem. For everyday clothing they used chintz and other factory-made cotton fabrics, for festive clothing they used silk, wool or mixtures thereof.
A man's suit consisted of a calico shirt - a shirt worn untucked and belted with a belt or sash, dark trousers tucked into boots, a vest, jacket or frock coat. All this was already sewn from factory-produced fabrics. Thus, the traditional form of the costume, while retaining folk elements, nevertheless begins to gravitate toward new standard forms that affirm practicality, convenience and expediency. These features of clothing come to the forefront in subsequent years.
Stylization of Russian folk costume
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF THE RF STATE EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION OF THE VORONEZH REGION "Voronezh Center for Psychological and Pedagogical Rehabilitation and Correction"
History of the costume
Developed by a technology teacher:
Komarova O.A.
Cloth primitive people
Clothing appeared in ancient times as a means of protection from unfavorable climate, from insect bites, wild animals while hunting, and from blows from enemies in battle. The clothing of primitive people was made from animal skins.
Over time, clothing has undergone changes. There was a need not only to cover the body from bad weather and bad weather. At the same time, the needs of the human spirit created the need to decorate the body.
The features of the costume were imprinted by the era, morals and customs of the people.
Greek costume.
Clothing in ancient Egypt.
Men's suit
Since ancient times, the main clothing of men has been an apron - "skhenti" .
Women's clothing
Egyptian women wore "calazaris"- a long linen shirt, tightly fitting to the body, with straps, reaching to the very feet and leaving the chest open.
Cloth Ancient Rus' Women's suit
Sorochitsa is a wide straight cut canvas shirt.
Clothing of Ancient Rus' Men's suit
Cloak "Korzno" - outfit of the Kyiv princes
The casing is a fur coat with fur on the inside.
Clothing from the Middle Ages
Ennen –
a women's headdress, the height of which was determined by the social status of the lady: women of royal blood were allowed to have it 1 m high, ordinary townswomen - no higher than 50 - 60 cm. “Horned caps” were considered fashionable, causing special ire of the church.
Renaissance clothing
The female figure was shackled in a corset with metal or wooden planks.
A frame of several conical circles decreasing in diameter was put on the hips, hanging on leather belts, which gave the skirt immobility and the correct conical shape - vertugaden.
Frame made of Verdugo hoops Used to give shape to a skirt. It was very heavy and uncomfortable.
Baroque clothing
Sheath dress This dress is impossible to wear on your own.
They entered it by stepping over the skirt, and inserted their hands into the incredibly puffy sleeves. Then the maid tightened the lacing on the back of the bodice.
Clothes of the Rococo era
Dresses with petticoats were used to create the effect of wide hips. Several (up to a dozen) skirts were worn at once. Such skirts were comfortable and dynamic.
Late 19th century clothing
Fashion includes various accessories that give the silhouette bizarre shapes.
Bustle
Tournament or
"Parisian ass"
(from the French tournure - posture, manner of holding) - a pad or gathered overlay, or the general name of a frame device located below the waist, which was worn under a dress to give a special silhouette in the 1870-80s.
Clothes of the late 19th - early 20th centuries.
In a woman’s everyday outfit, the ensemble – a blouse and a skirt – takes up more and more space. The skirt becomes an independent waist product.
Modern clothes.
Democratization of life modern society liberated fashion, made it free, comfortable, practical, meeting the conditions of modern life.
Thanks for attention!
